TY - JOUR A1 - Almeida, Joao A1 - Schobesberger, Siegfried A1 - Kürten, Christoph Andreas A1 - Ortega, Ismael K. A1 - Kupiainen-Määttä, Oona A1 - Praplan, Arnaud Patrick A1 - Adamov, Alexey A1 - Amorim, Antonio A1 - Bianchi, Federico A1 - Breitenlechner, Martin A1 - David, André A1 - Dommen, Josef A1 - Donahue, Neil McPherson A1 - Downard, Andrew A1 - Dunne, Eimear M. A1 - Duplissy, Jonathan A1 - Ehrhart, Sebastian A1 - Flagan, Richard C. A1 - Franchin, Alessandro A1 - Guida, Roberto A1 - Hakala, Jani A1 - Hansel, Armin A1 - Heinritzi, Martin A1 - Henschel, Henning A1 - Jokinen, Tuija A1 - Junninen, Heikki A1 - Kajos, Maija A1 - Kangasluoma, Juha A1 - Keskinen, Helmi A1 - Kupc, Agnieszka A1 - Kurtén, Theo A1 - Kvashin, Alexander N. A1 - Laaksonen, Ari A1 - Lehtipalo, Katrianne A1 - Leiminger, Markus A1 - Leppä, Johannes A1 - Loukonen, Ville A1 - Makhmutov, Vladimir A1 - Mathot, Serge A1 - McGrath, Matthew J. A1 - Nieminen, Tuomo A1 - Olenius, Tinja A1 - Onnela, Antti A1 - Petäjä, Tuukka A1 - Riccobono, Francesco A1 - Riipinen, Ilona A1 - Rissanen, Matti P. A1 - Rondo, Linda A1 - Ruuskanen, Taina A1 - Santos, Filipe Duarte A1 - Sarnela, Nina A1 - Schallhart, Simon A1 - Schnitzhofer, Ralf A1 - Seinfeld, John H. A1 - Simon, Mario A1 - Sipilä, Mikko A1 - Stozhkov, Yuri A1 - Stratmann, Frank A1 - Tomé, Antonio A1 - Tröstl, Jasmin A1 - Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios A1 - Vaattovaara, Petri A1 - Viisanen, Yrjo A1 - Virtanen, Annele A1 - Vrtala, Aron A1 - Wagner, Paul E. A1 - Weingartner, Ernest A1 - Wex, Heike A1 - Williamson, Christina A1 - Wimmer, Daniela A1 - Ye, Penglin A1 - Yli-Juuti, Taina A1 - Carslaw, Kenneth S. A1 - Kulmala, Markku A1 - Curtius, Joachim A1 - Baltensperger, Urs A1 - Worsnop, Douglas R. A1 - Vehkamäki, Hanna A1 - Kirkby, Jasper T1 - Molecular understanding of sulphuric acid–amine particle nucleation in the atmosphere T2 - Nature N2 - Nucleation of aerosol particles from trace atmospheric vapours is thought to provide up to half of global cloud condensation nuclei. Aerosols can cause a net cooling of climate by scattering sunlight and by leading to smaller but more numerous cloud droplets, which makes clouds brighter and extends their lifetimes. Atmospheric aerosols derived from human activities are thought to have compensated for a large fraction of the warming caused by greenhouse gases. However, despite its importance for climate, atmospheric nucleation is poorly understood. Recently, it has been shown that sulphuric acid and ammonia cannot explain particle formation rates observed in the lower atmosphere. It is thought that amines may enhance nucleation, but until now there has been no direct evidence for amine ternary nucleation under atmospheric conditions. Here we use the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) chamber at CERN and find that dimethylamine above three parts per trillion by volume can enhance particle formation rates more than 1,000-fold compared with ammonia, sufficient to account for the particle formation rates observed in the atmosphere. Molecular analysis of the clusters reveals that the faster nucleation is explained by a base-stabilization mechanism involving acid–amine pairs, which strongly decrease evaporation. The ion-induced contribution is generally small, reflecting the high stability of sulphuric acid–dimethylamine clusters and indicating that galactic cosmic rays exert only a small influence on their formation, except at low overall formation rates. Our experimental measurements are well reproduced by a dynamical model based on quantum chemical calculations of binding energies of molecular clusters, without any fitted parameters. These results show that, in regions of the atmosphere near amine sources, both amines and sulphur dioxide should be considered when assessing the impact of anthropogenic activities on particle formation. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/31803 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-318032 SN - 0028-0836 SN - 1476-4687 N1 - This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ IS - 502 SP - 359 EP - 363 PB - Nature Publising Group CY - London [u.a.] ER -