TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwalm, Miriam
A1  - Easton, Curtis
T1  - Cortical temperature change : a tool for modulating brain states?
T2  - eNeuro
N2  - Periods of rhythmic slow-wave activity during physiological slow-wave sleep or induced by anesthesia are characterized by a waxing and waning of spontaneous neuronal firing coordinated between cortex and thalamus. This activity is generated in the cortex but influences neuronal excitability and stimulus–response properties of neuronal networks throughout the brain (Steriade et al., 1993; Stroh et al., 2013; McGinley et al., 2015b). The corresponding low-frequency component of field potential recordings reflects alternating active states, in which cells are depolarized and synaptic activity is high, and silent states with hyperpolarized membrane potentials and low synaptic activity (Steriade et al., 2001; Timofeev et al., 2001). In contrast, waking is generally associated with continuous depolarization of cortical neurons, resulting in persistent activity (Destexhe et al., 2007; Sheroziya and Timofeev, 2015) and suppression of silent states (Steriade et al., 2001; McGinley et al., 2015b). In their recent study, Sheroziya and Timofeev (2015) demonstrated that moderate cortical cooling (to 29–31°C) of lightly ketamine/xylazin (ket/xyl) anesthetized or non-anesthetized mice reversibly diminished silent states and induced a persistent active state of the cortex. Mild heating (to 39–40°C), in contrast, increased rhythmicity of slow waves. Under deep ket/xyl anesthesia, cortical cooling disrupted slow waves and promoted bursts of activity correlated with thalamic firing. Local cooling of somatosensory cortex was shown to be sufficient to induce a shift from slow-wave to wide-spread persistent cortical activity, extending to the thalamus as well as the contralateral hemisphere. These results suggest that cortical temperature change can be used as a bidirectional and reversible tool for investigating global brain state fluctuations, and provide evidence that the thalamocortical network rapidly reacts upon local depolarization of a small neuronal population with wide-spread shifts of brain state. ...
KW  - brain states
KW  - epilepsy
KW  - neuromodulation
KW  - sleep
KW  - slow-wave rhythms
KW  - waking state
Y1  - 2016
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/45259
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-452590
SN  - 2373-2822
N1  - Copyright © 2016 Schwalm and Easton This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.
VL  - 3
IS  - ENEURO.0096-16.2016
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
PB  - Society for Neuroscience
CY  - Washington, DC
ER  -