TY - JOUR A1 - Kamp, Christel A1 - Wolf, Timo A1 - Bravo, Ignacio G. A1 - Kraus, Benjamin A1 - Krause, Birgit A1 - Neumann, Britta A1 - Winskowsky, Gudrun A1 - Thielen, Alexander A1 - Werner, Albrecht A1 - Schnierle, Barbara T1 - Decreased HIV diversity after allogeneic stem cell transplantation of an HIV-1 infected patient : a case report T2 - Virology journal N2 - The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coreceptor use and viral evolution were analyzed in blood samples from an HIV-1 infected patient undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Coreceptor use was predicted in silico from sequence data obtained from the third variable loop region of the viral envelope gene with two software tools. Viral diversity and evolution was evaluated on the same samples by Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods. In addition, phenotypic analysis was done by comparison of viral growth in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in a CCR5 (R5)-deficient T-cell line which was controlled by a reporter assay confirming viral tropism. In silico coreceptor predictions did not match experimental determinations that showed a consistent R5 tropism. Anti-HIV directed antibodies could be detected before and after the SCT. These preexisting antibodies did not prevent viral rebound after the interruption of antiretroviral therapy during the SCT. Eventually, transplantation and readministration of anti-retroviral drugs lead to sustained increase in CD4 counts and decreased viral load to undetectable levels. Unexpectedly, viral diversity decreased after successful SCT. Our data evidence that only R5-tropic virus was found in the patient before and after transplantation. Therefore, blocking CCR5 receptor during stem cell transplantation might have had beneficial effects and this might apply to more patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Furthermore, we revealed a scenario of HIV-1 dynamic different from the commonly described ones. Analysis of viral evolution shows the decrease of viral diversity even during episodes with bursts in viral load. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7600 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30-73706 SN - 1743-422X N1 - © 2010 Kamp et al., licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. VL - 7 IS - Art. 55 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER -