TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bjedov, Dora
A1  - Mikuška, Alma
A1  - Lackmann, Carina
A1  - Begović, Lidija
A1  - Mikuška, Tibor
A1  - Velki, Mirna
T1  - Application of non-destructive methods: biomarker assays in blood of white stork (Ciconia ciconia) nestlings
T2  - Animals
N2  - White stork (Ciconia ciconia) nestlings can provide quantitative information on the quality of the surrounding environment by indicating the presence of pollutants, as they depend on locally foraged food. This study represents the first comparison of biomarkers in two fractions of white stork nestling blood: plasma and S9 (the post-mitochondrial fraction). The aim of this study was to evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CES), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as to establish a novel fluorescence-based method for glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection in plasma and S9. Considering the enzymatic biomarkers, lower variability in plasma was detected only for AChE, as CES, GST, and GR had lower variability in S9. Enzyme activity was higher in plasma for AChE, CES, and GST, while GR had higher activity in S9. Regarding the fluorescence-based method, lower variability was detected in plasma for GSH and ROS, although higher GSH detection was reported in S9, and higher ROS was detected in plasma. The present study indicated valuable differences by successfully establishing protocols for biomarker measurement in plasma and S9 based on variability, enzyme activity, and fluorescence. For a better understanding of the environmental effects on nestlings’ physiological condition, biomarkers can be measured in plasma and S9.
KW  - non-destructive sampling
KW  - apex bird species
KW  - plasma
KW  - S9
KW  - biomarkers
Y1  - 2021
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/71540
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-715406
SN  - 2076-2615
N1  - This research was funded by Student Council of Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek as part of a student project “Heavy metal bioaccumulation in white stork nestlings in Osijek-Baranja county”. The Tecan Spark microplate reader was purchased with the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation equipment grant awarded to Mirna Velki.
N1  - Supplementary Materials: 
The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/ani11082341/s1 [Titel anhand dieser DOI in Citavi-Projekt übernehmen] , Table S1. DNA concentration; Figure S1. Sex determination results; Figure S2. AChE absorbance; Figure S3. CES absorbance; Figure S4. GST absorbance; Figure S5. GR absorbance; Figure S6. CellTrackerTM Green CMFDA dye for GSH detection; Figure S7. CM-H2DCFDA dye for ROS detection.
VL  - 11
IS  - 8, art. 2341
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  -