Russisch byt' ('sein') als funktionale und / oder lexikalische Kategorie

  • The present study offers an analysis of the Russian copular constructions with predicate nominals. In such copular sentences two cases may mark the predicate: the nominative and the instrumental as in 'Anna byla medsestra/medsestroj' - 'Anna was-3sg.fem.a nursenom/instr'. In the present tense the copula has a null-form and the predicate nominal can only be in the nominative. I argue that the case alternation corresponds to the distinction of Stage Level and Individual Level Predicates in the sense of Kratzer (1994) and Diesing (1992), but with some objections. The copula with Instrumental forms S-Predicates, which are analyzed as predicates applying to situations referring to time. The copula with nominative forms I-Predicates, which attribute properties to individuals without referring to time. I-Predicates have no situation argument. Data that show the (in-)compatibility of copular sentences with certain spatial or temporal modifiers provide a reason to assume a situation argument in byt' + Instr but not in byt' + Nom. Byt' behaves differently in different grammatical contexts: in contexts of sentence negation, yes/no-questions and under focus byt' + Instr behaves like a lexical category, while byt' + Nom behaves like a functional category. As a functional category byt' + Nom is non-overt in the present and is always finite. The semantic distinction between nominative and instrumental predicate NPs is pegged to an opposition between a structure with a functional copula as the only tense and agreement marker with base position in TP and a lexical copula in VP (Franks 1995, Bailyn&Rubin 1991). To explain phenomena of the copula in Russian I propose an integrated syntactic model for two copulas. The two copulas may be conceived as distinct realizations of one verbal lexical entry which will be specified as a lexical or as functional category in the course of lexical insertion. The Model of Parallel Morphology might be used to explain this phenomenon.

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Metadaten
Author:Ljudmila Geist
URN:urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-306990
URL:http://www.zas.gwz-berlin.de/212.html?&L=1%27%2Band%2Bchar%28124%29%252Buser%252Bchar%28124%29%253D0%2Band%2B%27%27%253D
ISSN:1435-9588
ISSN:0947-7055
Parent Title (German):Kopula-Prädikativ-Konstruktionen als Syntax/Semantik-Schnittstellen, Zentrum für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, Berlin, 1999; ZASPil Vol. 14
Publisher:Zentrum für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung
Place of publication:Berlin
Document Type:Part of a Book
Language:German
Date of Publication (online):2013/09/26
Year of first Publication:1999
Publishing Institution:Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg
Release Date:2013/09/26
GND Keyword:Russisch; sein <Wort>; Lexikalische Kategorie; Funktionale Kategorie; Generative Transformationsgrammatik
Volume:14
Page Number:39
First Page:1
Last Page:39
HeBIS-PPN:353116874
Dewey Decimal Classification:4 Sprache / 41 Linguistik / 410 Linguistik
Sammlungen:Linguistik
Linguistik-Klassifikation:Linguistik-Klassifikation: Sprachtypologie / Language typology
Linguistik-Klassifikation: Kontrastive Linguistik / Contrastive linguistics
Zeitschriften / Jahresberichte:ZAS papers in linguistics : ZASPiL / ZASPiL 14 = Kopula-Prädikativ-Konstruktionen als Syntax/Semantik-Schnittstellen
:urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-306547
Licence (German):License LogoDeutsches Urheberrecht