Pieces of the be perfect in German and older English

  • This paper examines the development of periphrastic constructions involving auxiliary "have" and "be" with a past participle in the history of English, on the basis of parsed electronic corpora. It is argued that the two constructions represented distinct syntactic and semantic structures: while the one with have developed into a true perfect in the course of Middle English, the one with be remained a stative resultative throughout its history. In this way, it is explained why the be construction was rarely or never used in a number of contexts, including past counterfactuals, iteratives, duratives, certain kinds of infinitives and various other utterance types that cannot be characterized as perfects of result. When the construction with have became a true perfect, it was used in such contexts, regardless of the identity of the main verb, leading to the appearance of have with verbs like come which had previously only taken be. Crucially, however, have was not spreading at the expense of be, as the be perfect had never been used in such contexts, but rather at the expense of the old simple past. At least until the end of the Early Modern English period, the shift in the relative frequency of have and be perfects is to be explained in terms of the expansion of the former into new contexts, while the latter remained stable. A formal analysis is proposed, taking as its starting point a comparison with German which shows that the older English be perfect indeed behaves more like the German stative passive than its haben and sein perfects.

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Metadaten
Author:Thomas McFaddenORCiD, Artemis AlexiadouORCiDGND
URN:urn:nbn:de:hebis:30-1109932
URL:http://www.lingref.com/cpp/wccfl/25/paper1458.pdf
Parent Title (German):Proceedings of the 25th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, ed. Donald Baumer, David Montero, and Michael Scanlon
Publisher:Cascadilla Proceedings Project
Place of publication:Somerville, MA
Document Type:Conference Proceeding
Language:English
Date of Publication (online):2008/10/20
Year of first Publication:2006
Publishing Institution:Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg
Release Date:2008/10/20
GND Keyword:Hilfsverb; Perfekt; Mittelenglisch; Frühneuenglisch; Deutsch
Page Number:10
First Page:270
Last Page:279
HeBIS-PPN:206561407
Dewey Decimal Classification:4 Sprache / 40 Sprache / 400 Sprache
Sammlungen:Linguistik
Linguistik-Klassifikation:Linguistik-Klassifikation: Morphologie / Morphology
Licence (German):License LogoDeutsches Urheberrecht