Open Access

Hakan Taşpınar

• Background: Nicotine, a component of cigarette smoke, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of lung disease. We examined whether nicotine can change the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), an enzyme that plays an important role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and hypertension. Angiotensin converting enzyme, Dipeptidyl-carboxypeptidase is a glycoproteinpeptidyldipeptid-hydrolase, which devided Histidylleucin-dipeptid of angiotensin I, a relatively inactive Dekapeptide. ACE is located on cell surfaces. Highest concentration of ACE are found in lung and kidney. Determination of ACE serum activity is an established tool for diagnosis and therapy control of pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease. The effect of cigarette smoking on ACE serum activity in healthy subjects is subject of controversial discussion. Aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chronic cigarette consumption on ACE serum activity in healthy subjects. Angiotensin I will be converted in Angiotensin II, a highly vasoconstriktor. In addition ACE inactivates bradykinin. Increased ACE activity values occur in the serum of patients with active sarcoidosis, smokers, in premature babies with respiratory distress syndrome, and in adults with tuberculosis, Gaucher-Syndrom and a number of other medical conditions of the lung. Material and methods: In this study the significance of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was tested in 250 healthy smokers and non smokers aged between 17 and 65 years. Individual smoking habits were ruled out by a questionnaire. The concentration of ACE was founded by measurements on Hitachi 917 Analyzer. Additionally ASAT, ALAT and GT were determined by conventional methods. The following independent variables were studied: investigative material, antikoagulantien influence of drugs and temperature. Result: ACE concentrations were increased identically in smokers and sarcoidosis patients. By a specificity of 95% and sensitivities between 72% and 90% are detected in each of the groups. ACE serum activities were within their normal limits (8-58U/L) in smokers and non smokers. No sex-related differences of ACE activity were observed in non smokers. The values of ACE serum activity were significantly (Kruskal: p<0,001) higher in smokers than in non smokers. Corresponding to differences of smoking habits slight but not significant differences of ACE were observed between male and female smokers. In smokers a strong correlation between individual smoking habits was similar in male and female smokers. Values of all additionally determined laboratory parameters were also within their normal limits. No significant differences were observed for ASAT, ALAT and g GT between smokers and non smokers of both sexes. ACE activity should be measured on the day of blood collection. The influence of temperature on the stability of the material is considerable; the room temperature shows a decrease in concentration. By storage at -20°C and below there is a visible increase in concentration. Conclusion: It is shown that there is an increase of ACE activity as a function of cigarette consummation. Non specific metabolic factors others than smoking can be excluded by normal values of ASAT, ALAT and g GT. The data suggest, that individual smoking habits should be considered for the interpretation of ACE serum activity.