Die Verbreitung von See- und Wasservögeln in der deutschen Ostsee im Jahresverlauf

Distribution of seabirds and waterbirds in the German Baltic Sea throughout the year

  • Die Verbreitungsmuster ausgewählter See- und Wasservogelarten in den Offshore-Bereichen der deutschen Ostsee werden erstmals für die vier Jahreszeiträume Frühjahr, Sommer, Herbst und Winter dargestellt. Dabei zeigen sich bei den einzelnen Arten sowohl räumliche als auf saisonale Verbreitungsunterschiede. Die deutschen Ostseewässer stellen für See- und Wasservögel ein wichtiges Rast-, Mauser- und Überwinterungsgebiet dar, einige Arten kommen in international bedeutsamen Konzentrationen vor. Für das im Mai 2004 an die EU-Kommission gemeldete Seevogelschutzgebiet „Östliche Pommersche Bucht“ im Ostteil der deutschen Ostsee werden erstmals aktuelle Bestandszahlen der wichtigsten Seevogelarten vorgestellt. Für im Untersuchungsgebiet nur selten auftretende Seevogelarten werden die Gesamtzahlen aller Nachweise aus den Schiffszählungen angegeben. Ziehende oder nur im Küstenbereich vorkommende Wasservogelarten werden lediglich namentlich aufgelistet. In Ergänzung zu früheren Publikationen liefert der vorliegende Artikel umfassende Informationen über das Vorkommen und die jahreszeitlichen Unterschiede der häufigen See- und Wasservogelarten im Offshore-Bereich der deutschen Ostsee.
  • The German Baltic Sea is a very important area for seabirds and waterbirds. 38 species are regularly found in coastal or offshore waters. Many of them occur in international important concentrations and are subject to various conservation-related conventions and directives, especially the EU Birds Directive and the African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement (AEWA). From 2000 to 2005, several research projects were dedicated to describe and analyse the distribution and abundance of seabirds in the offshore area in the German Baltic Sea at high spatial and temporal resolutions. In this study, we present for the first time the distribution of seabirds and waterbirds in the German Baltic Sea throughout the year, based on transect counts from ships. The main focus is on the offshore areas. For the most numerous species we present the distribution for the four seasons summer, autumn, winter and spring, defined species-specific. The maps clearly show spatial and temporal differences in the distribution of the various species. While Red-breasted Mergansers, Great Crested Grebes or Great Cormorants occur predominantely close to the coast, Red-necked Grebes, Slavonian Grebes and Common Guillemots, among others, prefer offshore-areas. The most numerous and characteristic species are the sea ducks Common Eider, Long-tailed Duck, Common Scoter and Velvet Scoter. They prefer areas with low water depth along the coast or on shallow banks in the offshore area. While Common Eiders occur chiefly in the western parts of the German Baltic Sea, Velvet Scoters are mainly found in the eastern parts. Both species have high densities in the winter half-year but only small numbers during summer. Long-tail Ducks and Common Scoters are distributed over large areas of the German Baltic Sea, but while the former species occurs in the winter half-year only, the latter species is present throughout the whole year. Gulls are widespread throughout the study area and show only local and/or short-term concentrations. Aggregations are often in the vicinity of high fishing activities. The most frequent gull species is the Herring Gull. Terns occur only in very small numbers in the German Baltic Sea, with Black Terns exhibiting small concentrations in the eastern part during late summer. Species that occur predominantly in coastal areas of the German Baltic Sea are not presented in detail. However, for Mute Swan, Greater Scaup, Common Goldeneye and Goosander we present maps for the winter half-year (October-April), as the nearshore distribution of these species sometimes extent into offshore areas. For species occuring only seldom within the study area we present a list with the total number of individuals seen during the surveys. Coastal or migrating waterbird species are only named. Together with previously published information on the distribution of seabirds and waterbirds in the German Baltic Sea, available mainly for the winter and spring periods, this study gives a comprehensive overview about the spatial and temporal distribution of the most numerous and widespread seabirds and waterbirds in the German Baltic Sea. In addition, current population estimates of these species are given for the recently designated Special Protection Area “Pommersche Bucht” in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the eastern part of the German Baltic Sea.

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Metadaten
Author:Nicole Sonntag, Bettina Mendel, Stefan Garthe
URN:urn:nbn:de:hebis:30-1108224
ISSN:0049-6650
Parent Title (German):Vogelwarte : Zeitschrift für Vogelkunde
Publisher:DO-G-Geschäftsstelle
Place of publication:Wilhelmshaven
Document Type:Article
Language:German
Date of Publication (online):2008/09/17
Year of first Publication:2006
Publishing Institution:Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg
Release Date:2008/09/17
Volume:44
Issue:2
Page Number:32
First Page:81
Last Page:112
HeBIS-PPN:205480098
Dewey Decimal Classification:5 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / 57 Biowissenschaften; Biologie / 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
5 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / 59 Tiere (Zoologie) / 590 Tiere (Zoologie)
Sammlungen:Sammlung Biologie / Sondersammelgebiets-Volltexte
Licence (German):License LogoDeutsches Urheberrecht