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Background: Here we examined myocardial microRNA (miRNA) expression profile in a sensory neuropathy model with cardiac diastolic dysfunction and aimed to identify key mRNA molecular targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs that may contribute to cardiac dysfunction. Methods: Male Wistar rats were treated with vehicle or capsaicin for 3 days to induce systemic sensory neuropathy. Seven days later, diastolic dysfunction was detected by echocardiography, and miRNAs were isolated from the whole ventricles. Results: Out of 711 known miRNAs measured by miRNA microarray, the expression of 257 miRNAs was detected in the heart. As compared to vehicle-treated hearts, miR-344b, miR-466b, miR-98, let-7a, miR-1, miR-206, and miR-34b were downregulated, while miR-181a was upregulated as validated also by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). By an in silico network analysis, we identified common mRNA targets (insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), solute carrier family 2 facilitated glucose transporter member 12 (SLC2a-12), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4e (EIF-4e), and Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 2 (ULK-2)) targeted by at least three altered miRNAs. Predicted upregulation of these mRNA targets were validated by qRT-PCR. Conclusion: This is the first demonstration that sensory neuropathy affects cardiac miRNA expression network targeting IGF-1, SLC2a-12, EIF-4e, and ULK-2, which may contribute to cardiac diastolic dysfunction. These results further support the need for unbiased omics approach followed by in silico prediction and validation of molecular targets to reveal novel pathomechanisms.
L’histoire sociale du haut Moyen Âge occidental s’est longtemps intéressée, de manière pour ainsi dire exclusive, aux classes supérieures de la société, d’une part, et au système de domination de base, de l’autre. Les niveaux inférieurs de pouvoir, la variété des systèmes de domination et, par conséquent, la multiplicité des modes de relations unissant les hommes du haut Moyen Âge les uns aux autres ne se sont que récemment imposés comme autant d’objets de recherche fondamentaux. C’est donc dans une perspective relativement neuve et originale que s’inscrit la thèse consacrée aux communautés locales bavaroises entre les VIII e et X e siècles, soutenue par Thomas Kohl à l’université Johannes Guttenberg de Mayence en juillet 2008 et parue chez Thorbecke en 2010. ...
Introduction: Colorectal cancers (CRCs) deficient in the DNA mismatch repair protein MutL homolog 1 (MLH1) display distinct clinicopathological features and require a different therapeutic approach compared to CRCs with MLH1 proficiency. However, the molecular basis of this fundamental difference remains elusive. Here, we report that MLH1-deficient CRCs exhibit reduced levels of the cytoskeletal scaffolding protein non-erythroid spectrin αII (SPTAN1), and that tumor progression and metastasis of CRCs correlate with SPTAN1 levels.
Methods and results: To investigate the link between MLH1 and SPTAN1 in cancer progression, a cohort of 189 patients with CRC was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Compared with the surrounding normal mucosa, SPTAN1 expression was reduced in MLH1-deficient CRCs, whereas MLH1-proficient CRCs showed a significant upregulation of SPTAN1. Overall, we identified a strong correlation between MLH1 status and SPTAN1 expression. When comparing TNM classification and SPTAN1 levels, we found higher SPTAN1 levels in stage I CRCs, while stages II to IV showed a gradual reduction of SPTAN1 expression. In addition, SPTAN1 expression was lower in metastatic compared with non-metastatic CRCs. Knockdown of SPTAN1 in CRC cell lines demonstrated decreased cell viability, impaired cellular mobility and reduced cell-cell contact formation, indicating that SPTAN1 plays an important role in cell growth and cell attachment. The observed weakened cell-cell contact of SPTAN1 knockdown cells might indicate that tumor cells expressing low levels of SPTAN1 detach from their primary tumor and metastasize more easily.
Conclusion: Taken together, we demonstrate that MLH1 deficiency, low SPTAN1 expression, and tumor progression and metastasis are in close relation. We conclude that SPTAN1 is a candidate molecule explaining the tumor progression and metastasis of MLH1-deficient CRCs. The detailed analysis of SPTAN1 is now mandatory to substantiate its relevance and its potential value as a candidate protein for targeted therapy, and as a predictive marker of cancer aggressiveness.
Treffen im Titel eines Sammelbandes zwei Worte aufeinander, die auf einigermaßen aktuelle kulturwissenschaftliche "Turns" verweisen, im vorliegenden Fall auf den "Iconic" und den "Performative Turn", so liegt der Verdacht nahe, dass hier entweder alter Wein in neue Schläuche verpackt wird oder dass modische Schlagworte inhaltliche Leere verdecken sollen. Beide Befürchtungen erweisen sich im vorliegenden Band glücklicherweise als unbegründet. Stattdessen zeigt sich deutlich, wie gerade das Konzept der Performanz zu einem neuen Verständnis der Rolle von Bildern und ihrer Wirksamkeit im hoch- und spätmittelalterlichen lateinischen Europa beitragen kann. Um diesen zeitlichen und räumlichen Schwerpunkt herum, der sich aus der Zusammenarbeit der Brüsseler Groupe de recherche en histoire médiéval (GRHM) und der Pariser Groupe d’anthropologie historique de l’Occident médiéval (GAHOM) ergibt, versammeln sich Beiträge, die zudem auch die (christliche) Antike, Byzanz, die Frühe Neuzeit und sogar das 20. und 21. Jahrhundert in den Blick nehmen. ...
We show that banks that are facing relatively high locally non-diversifiable risks in their home region expand more across states than banks that do not face such risks following branching deregulation in the 1990s and 2000s. These banks with high locally non-diversifiable risks also benefit relatively more from deregulation in terms of higher bank stability. Further, these banks expand more into counties where risks are relatively high and positively correlated with risks in their home region, suggesting that they do not only diversify but also build on their expertise in local risks when they expand into new regions.
Einleitung: Feedback ist ein elementarer Bestandteil effektiven Lernens, auch im Medizinstudium, insbesondere beim Erlernen praktischer Fertigkeiten. Feedback kann in verschieden Formen gegeben werden, die Einfluss auf das Erlernen und Behalten der Fertigkeit haben.
Videofeedback, auf der Grundlage von Videoaufzeichnungen einer Tätigkeit, erscheint hierbei eine effektive Methode zum Verstärken des Lerneffektes bei komplexen praktischen Fertigkeiten darzustellen.
Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die vergleichende Effektivitätsanalyse von Videofeedback im Vergleich zu mündlichem Feedback auf das Erlernen des sterilen Arbeitens bei der Wundversorgung als Beispiel für eine komplexe praktische Fertigkeit.
Methode: Medizinstudierende an der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main absolvieren im Rahmen ihrer curricularen Ausbildung im 2. bzw. 3. klinischen Semester das dreiwöchige Blockpraktikum Chirurgie. Hierbei durchlaufen sie das einwöchige „Training praktischer Fertigkeiten“ im Skillslab. Im Rahmen dieses aus 12 Modulen bestehenden Trainings absolvieren die Studierenden unter anderem das Modul „Wundversorgung“. In dieser 210-minütigen Trainingseinheit erlernen und üben sie die Versorgung einer einfacher Schnittwunden (von der Anamnese über das sterile Abdecken bis zum Anlegen des Verbandes) unter Anleitung und Supervision eines Peer-Tutors.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Studierenden in eine Interventions- und eine Kontrollgruppe randomisiert. Die Interventionsgruppe wurde beim Üben auf Video aufgezeichnet. Im Anschluss erhielten die Studierenden anhand der Videoaufzeichnung Feedback durch einen Peer-Tutor. Die Kontrollgruppe erhielt nach dem Üben Feedback durch den Peer-Tutor ohne Videoaufzeichnung.
Direkt im Anschluss an das Modul absolvierten die Studierenden zwei strukturierte checklistenbasierte formative Prüfungsstationen im Sinne von zwei Objective Structured Clinical Examination-Stationen (OSCE); 2 bis 3 Monate nach dem Training erfolgte die zweite Datenerhebung im Rahmen des summativen curricularen OSCE als Abschlussprüfung des Blockpraktikums Chirurgie.
Ergebnisse: Insgesamt nahmen 107 Studenten an der vorliegenden Studie teil. Am Messzeitpunkt 1 zeigte sich kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen Interventions- und Kontrollgruppe. Am Messzeitpunkt 2 mussten an der Prüfungsstation „Wundversorgung“ 39 Studierende durch veränderte und damit nicht mehr vergleichbare Prüfungsbedingungen ausgeschlossen werden. An der zweiten Prüfungsstation konnten alle Studierenden in die Auswertung inkludiert werden. Auch am Messzeitpunkt 2 zeigte sich kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen Interventions- und Kontrollgruppe.
Schlussfolgerung: Im Kontext des curricularen chirurgischen Training praktischer Fertigkeiten konnte für das Erlernen des sterilen Arbeitens kein Unterschied zwischen reinem mündlichen Feedback und Videofeedback nachgewiesen werden.
A world dataset on the geographic distributions of Solenidae razor clams (Mollusca: Bivalvia)
(2019)
Background: Using this dataset, we examined the global geographical distributions of Solenidae species in relation to their endemicity, species richness and latitudinal ranges and then predicted their distributions under future climate change using species distribution modelling techniques (Saeedi et al. 2016a, Saeedi et al. 2016b). We found that the global latitudinal species richness in Solenidae is bi-modal, dipping at the equator most likely derived by high sea surface temperature (Saeedi et al. 2016b). We also found that most of the Solenidae species will shift their distribution ranges polewards due to global warming (Saeedi et al. 2016a). We also provided a comprehensive review of the taxon to test whether the latitudinal gradient in species richness was uni-modal with a peak in the tropics or northern hemisphere or asymmetric and bimodal as proposed previously (Chaudhary et al. 2016).
New information: This paper presents an integrated global geographic distribution dataset for 77 Solenidae taxa, including 3,034 geographic distribution records. This dataset was compiled after a careful data-collection and cleaning procedure over four years. Data were collected using field sampling, literature and from open-access databases. Then all the records went through quality control procedures such as validating the taxonomy of the species by examining and re-identifying the specimens in museum collections and using taxonomic and geographic data quality control tools in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) and the r-OBIS package (Provoost and Bosch 2017). This dataset can thus be further used for taxonomical and biogeographical studies of Solenidae.
Background: Polyploidy and apomixis are important factors influencing plant distributions often resulting in range shifts, expansions and geographical parthenogenesis. We used the Ranunculus auricomus complex as a model to asses if the past and present distribution and climatic preferences were determined by these phenomena.
Results: Ecological differentiation among diploids and polyploids was tested by comparing the sets of climatic variables and distribution modelling using 191 novel ploidy estimations and 561 literature data. Significant differences in relative genome size on the diploid level were recorded between the “auricomus” and “cassubicus” groups and several new diploid occurrences were found in Slovenia and Hungary. The current distribution of diploids overlapped with the modelled paleodistribution (22 kyr BP), except Austria and the Carpathians, which are proposed to be colonized later on from refugia in the Balkans. Current and historical presence of diploids from the R. auricomus complex is suggested also for the foothills of the Caucasus. Based on comparisons of the climatic preferences polyploids from the R. auricomus complex occupy slightly drier and colder habitats than the diploids.
Conclusions: The change of reproductive mode and selection due to competition with the diploid ancestors may have facilitated the establishment of polyploids within the R. auricomus complex in environments slightly cooler and drier, than those tolerated by diploid ancestors. Much broader distribution of polyploid apomicts may have been achieved due to faster colonization mediated by uniparental reproductive system.
Mitochondria are the "power plants" of eukaryotic cells involved cellular energy metabolism and lead the generation of most of the cellular "energy currency" adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, they have other crucial functions including the control of programmed cell death, iron/sulfur cluster biogenesis and copper and calcium homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is deleterious and leads to degeneration, disease and aging. A number of individual pathways are active in keeping mitochondria functional over longer periods of time and thereby have a strong impact on lifespan. These mitochondrial quality control (mtQC) pathways occur at different molecular and cellular levels and are all limited in their capacity. They do not all work at the same time. Some of them are induced when others fail. Currently, the underlying molecular interaction of pathways and their regulation is only initially elucidated. ...