TY - INPR A1 - Acera Mateos, Pablo A1 - Sethi, Aditya J. A1 - Ravindran, Agin A1 - Srivastava, Akanksha A1 - Kanchi, Madhu A1 - Mahmud, Shafi A1 - Guarnacci, Marco A1 - Woodward, Katrina A1 - Xu, Jiajia A1 - Yuen, Zaka Wing Sze A1 - Zhou, You A1 - Sneddon, Alexandra A1 - Hamilton, William A1 - Gao, Jing A1 - Starrs, Lora M. A1 - Hayashi, Rippei A1 - Wickramasinghe, Vihandha A1 - Zarnack, Katharina A1 - Preiss, Thomas A1 - Burgio, Gaetan A1 - Dehorter, Nathalie A1 - Shirokikh, Nikolay A1 - Eyras Jiménez, Eduardo Angel T1 - Simultaneous identification of m6A and m5C reveals coordinated RNA modification at single-molecule resolution T2 - bioRxiv N2 - The epitranscriptome embodies many new and largely unexplored functions of RNA. A major roadblock in the epitranscriptomics field is the lack of transcriptome-wide methods to detect more than a single RNA modification type at a time, identify RNA modifications in individual molecules, and estimate modification stoichiometry accurately. We address these issues with CHEUI (CH3 (methylation) Estimation Using Ionic current), a new method that concurrently detects N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and 5-methylcytidine (m5C) in individual RNA molecules from the same sample, as well as differential methylation between any two conditions. CHEUI processes observed and expected nanopore direct RNA sequencing signals with convolutional neural networks to achieve high single-molecule accuracy and outperforms other methods in detecting m6A and m5C sites and quantifying their stoichiometry. CHEUI’s unique capability to identify two modification types in the same sample reveals a non-random co-occurrence of m6A and m5C in mRNA transcripts in cell lines and tissues. CHEUI unlocks an unprecedented potential to study RNA modification configurations and discover new epitranscriptome functions. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/84490 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-844905 UR - https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.14.484124v5 IS - 2022.03.14.484124 Version 5 PB - bioRxiv ER -