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The KASCADE-Grande experiment has significantly contributed to the current knowledge about the energy spectrum and composition of cosmic rays for energies between the knee and the ankle. Meanwhile, post-LHC versions of the hadronic interaction models are available and used to interpret the entire data set of KASCADE-Grande. In addition, a new, combined analysis of both arrays, KASCADE and Grande, was developed significantly increasing the accuracy of the shower observables. First results of the new analysis with the entire data set of the KASCADE-Grande experiment will be the focus of this contribution.
Pendants les années 1997 et 1998, un groupe des chercheurs de SFB 268 a effectué, dans la région de l’Atakora, des recherches botaniques, ethnologiques et géographiques concernant l’histoire du peuplement. Les travaux étaient concentrés sur la partie ouest de la région, c’est-à-dire le triangle Boukombé, Natitingou, Toucountouna. En résultat, il est possible aujourd’hui de faire une chronologie relative à l’histoire du peuplement dans cette région. En contraire, il manque toujours une chronologie absolue, pour cela il faut encore des recherches approfondies. Pourtant nous allons proposer, dans le cours de cette contribution, des hypothèses montrant le cadre, dans lequel une périodisation peut être possible.
Die Ergebnisse der Feldforschungen, die hier vorgestellt werden, beruhen auf gemeinsamen Feldaufenthalten der Autoren in dem Untersuchungsgebiet in den Jahren 1990 und 1994. Die ersten Geländebegehungen in diesem Gebiet fanden zusammen mit Günter NAGEL im Februar 1990 statt. Einige seiner Anregungen für interdisziplinäre Arbeiten von Geisteswissenschaftlern und Physischen Geographen zur Landschaftsgenese dieses Raumes, seines Natur- und Nutzungspotentials und der realen aktuellen Inwertsetzung durch die ansässigen Waja wird er, so hoffen die Autoren, in den folgenden Ausführungen wiedererkennen. In dieser Untersuchung wurde vor allem der Frage nachgegangen, welche Beziehungen im südlichen Gongola-Becken zwischen der jüngeren Land-schaftsgenese und dem Natur- und Nutzungspotential bestehen, und wie letzteres von der Bevölkerung in Wert gesetzt wird. Von Interesse sind auch die Auswirkungen der jüngeren Nutzung auf den Naturraum und ihrer Wahrnehmung durch die Bevölkerung.
The paper presents a short introduction to the environmental factors, e.g. climate, geology, relief forms and soils of the study area in the southern parts of the Gongola Basin. The study area covers the high mountain range of the Tangale-Waja Uplands and the adjacent pediplain, following in the north. It is asked if the natural factors enforced former inhabitants of the area to develop special land use techniques like field terracing to ensure the essential crop production under insufficient geoecological conditions.
Background: Polymorphisms within the insulin gene can influence insulin expression in the pancreas and especially in the thymus, where self-antigens are processed, shaping the T cell repertoire into selftolerance, a process that protects from ß-cell autoimmunity.
Methods: We investigated the role of the -2221Msp(C/T) and -23HphI(A/T) polymorphisms within the insulin gene in patients with a monoglandular autoimmune endocrine disease [patients with isolated type 1 diabetes (T1D, n = 317), Addison´s disease (AD, n = 107) or Hashimoto´s thyroiditis (HT, n = 61)], those with a polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type II (combination of T1D and/or AD with HT or GD, n = 62) as well as in healthy controls (HC, n = 275).
Results: T1D patients carried significantly more often the homozygous genotype "CC" -2221Msp(C/T) and "AA" -23HphI(A/T) polymorphisms than the HC (78.5% vs. 66.2%, p = 0.0027 and 75.4% vs. 52.4%, p = 3.7 × 10-8, respectively). The distribution of insulin gene polymorphisms did not show significant differences between patients with AD, HT, or APS-II and HC.
Conclusion: We demonstrate that the allele "C" of the -2221Msp(C/T) and "A" -23HphI(A/T) insulin gene polymorphisms confer susceptibility to T1D but not to isolated AD, HT or as a part of the APS-II.
Ausgangspunkt ist die Beobachtung, dass sich empirisch eine inklusive Schule oftmals als eine differenzierte und differenzierende Schule darstellt. Dies bezieht sich etwa auf die Ausdifferenzierung der ‚heterogenen Lehrgruppe‘. Im zeitgemäßen inklusiven Unterricht sind allgemein- und sonderpädagogische Lehrkräfte ebenso wie Schulbegleitungen anwesend. Auch Sozialpädagog*innen und Therapeut*innen gehören vermehrt zum Schulalltag.
Vorliegende Studien dokumentieren, dass die Gestaltung inklusiver Schulen bzw. von inklusivem Unterricht von nicht intendierten Effekten und Widerständigkeiten der Akteur*innen begleitet ist. Im Beitrag werden – basierend auf der ProFiS-Studie – zwei Herausforderungen von inklusiven Schulen in den Mittelpunkt gerückt. Zum einen wird auf das Spannungsfeld von Professionalisierung und Deprofessionalisierung eingegangen. Zum anderen stellt das Verhältnis von Kategorisierung und Dekategorisierung eine Herausforderung dar. Beide Relationen sind als Spannungsverhältnisse untereinander und zueinander zu denken, die sich nicht ‚einfach‘ in eine Richtung auflösen lassen, sondern die in ihrer Widersprüchlichkeit gerade konstitutiv für die Praxis ‚inklusiver Schulen‘ wirken. Zentrale Frage des Beitrags ist, wie dieses komplexe Spannungsverhältnis der wechselseitigen Bezogenheit de/kategorisierender und de/professionalisierender Prozesse in professionellen Aktivitäten hervorgebracht wird.
In non-hadronic axion models, which have a tree-level axion-electron interaction, the Sun produces a strong axion flux by bremsstrahlung, Compton scattering, and axiorecombination, the "BCA processes." Based on a new calculation of this flux, including for the first time axio-recombination, we derive limits on the axion-electron Yukawa coupling gae and axion-photon interaction strength ga using the CAST phase-I data (vacuum phase). For ma <~ 10 meV/c2 we find ga gae < 8.1 × 10−23 GeV−1 at 95% CL. We stress that a next-generation axion helioscope such as the proposed IAXO could push this sensitivity into a range beyond stellar energy-loss limits and test the hypothesis that white-dwarf cooling is dominated by axion emission.
The land use in the Tangale-Waja area is analysed according to the two basic categories of geography: Firstly the manifold interaction between men and environment which form the spatial characteristics of an area, and secondly the decrease of influence with increasing distance. The importance of these two elementary factors is described by indicators as accessibility for the period from the precolonial situation until the time after World War II, when new roads were constructed through the mountainous area. Living in a hilly environment the self contained population (formerly called "hill pagans") had developed special agricultural techniques which can be considered ecologically well adapted. The opening up of the area after the pacification, Christianity and education, led to a considerable increase in population, the expansion of land under cultivation, and the change of settlement structure by down-hill population movement. This resulted in overuse of the fragile natural resources. The size of farm steads became too small for the family unit and the still low accessibility of the hinterland of the main interregional roads as well as inappropriate techniques of agricultural production are shortcomings causing heavy damage to the physical environment and decreasing living standards of the local population.
Two-particle correlation functions of negative hadrons over wide phase space, and transverse mass spectra of negative hadrons and deuterons near mid-rapidity have been measured in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon by the NA49 experiment at the CERN SPS. A novel Coulomb correction procedure for the negative two-particle correlations is employed making use of the measured oppositely charged particle correlation. Within an expanding source scenario these results are used to extract the dynamic characteristics of the hadronic source, resolving the ambiguities between the temperature and transverse expansion velocity of the source, that are unavoidable when single and two particle spectra are analysed separately. The source shape, the total duration of the source expansion, the duration of particle emission, the freeze-out temperature and the longitudinal and transverse expansion velocities are deduced.
We report measurements of Xi and Xi-bar hyperon absolute yields as a function of rapidity in 158 GeV/c Pb+Pb collisions. At midrapidity, dN/dy = 2.29 +/- 0.12 for Xi, and 0.52 +/- 0.05 for Xi-bar, leading to the ratio of Xi-bar/Xi = 0.23 +/- 0.03. Inverse slope parameters fitted to the measured transverse mass spectra are of the order of 300 MeV near mid-rapidity. The estimated total yield of Xi particles in Pb+Pb central interactions amounts to 7.4 +/- 1.0 per collision. Comparison to Xi production in properly scaled p+p reactions at the same energy reveals a dramatic enhancement (about one order of magnitude) of Xi production in Pb+Pb central collisions over elementary hadron interactions.