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Elliptic flow from nuclear collisions is a hadronic observable sensitive to the early stages of system evolution. We report first results on elliptic flow of charged particles at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN] = 130 GeV using the STAR Time Projection Chamber at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The elliptic flow signal, v2, averaged over transverse momentum, reaches values of about 6% for relatively peripheral collisions and decreases for the more central collisions. This can be interpreted as the observation of a higher degree of thermalization than at lower collision energies. Pseudorapidity and transverse momentum dependence of elliptic flow are also presented.
Australian subtropical rainforests and plant populations have become increasingly fragmented since European settlement. Managing relict populations and remnants within the landscape matrix is dependent upon our understanding of plant reproductive biology. The incidence of autogamous self-compatibility and dioecy was investigated in subtropical rainforests, near Taree, in the Manning Valley (northern New South Wales). The proportion of dioecious species in rainforests of the region is high (~17%), but varies among sites. The potential for hermaphroditic species to self-pollinate was examined by bagging inflorescences in the field. Of the > 30 species (in 14 families) studied, nine species exhibited high levels of selfcompatibility. These were predominantly pioneer and edge species, but other pioneer species were self-incompatible. Different behaviour occurred within families. Twenty species (in 13 families) regenerated from basal coppice or root suckers following bushfire. The significance of knowledge of reproductive biology for management is discussed.
Two-pion correlation functions in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN] = 130 GeV have been measured by the STAR (solenoidal tracker at RHIC) detector. The source size extracted by fitting the correlations grows with event multiplicity and decreases with transverse momentum. Anomalously large sizes or emission durations, which have been suggested as signals of quark-gluon plasma formation and rehadronization, are not observed. The Hanbury Brown-Twiss parameters display a weak energy dependence over a broad range in sqrt[sNN].
The minimum-bias multiplicity distribution and the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity distributions for central collisions have been measured for negative hadrons ( h-) in Au+Au interactions at sqrt[sNN] = 130 GeV. The multiplicity density at midrapidity for the 5% most central interactions is dNh-/d eta | eta = 0 = 280±1(stat)±20(syst), an increase per participant of 38% relative to pp-bar collisions at the same energy. The mean transverse momentum is 0.508±0.012 GeV/c and is larger than in central Pb+Pb collisions at lower energies. The scaling of the h- yield per participant is a strong function of pperp. The pseudorapidity distribution is almost constant within | eta |<1.
We report the first measurement of inclusive antiproton production at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN] = 130 GeV by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The antiproton transverse mass distributions in the measured transverse momentum range of 0.25<pperp<0.95 GeV/c are found to fall less steeply for more central collisions. The extrapolated antiproton rapidity density is found to scale approximately with the negative hadron multiplicity density.
The first measurements of light antinucleus production in Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider are reported. The observed production rates for d-bar and 3He-bar are much larger than in lower energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. A coalescence model analysis of the yields indicates that there is little or no increase in the antinucleon freeze-out volume compared to collisions at CERN SPS energy. These analyses also indicate that the 3He-bar freeze-out volume is smaller than the d-bar freeze-out volume.
We report results on the ratio of midrapidity antiproton-to-proton yields in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN] = 130 GeV per nucleon pair as measured by the STAR experiment at RHIC. Within the rapidity and transverse momentum range of | y|<0.5 and 0.4<pt<1.0 GeV/c, the ratio is essentially independent of either transverse momentum or rapidity, with an average of 0.65±0.01(stat)±0.07(syst) for minimum bias collisions. Within errors, no strong centrality dependence is observed. The results indicate that at this RHIC energy, although the p-p-bar pair production becomes important at midrapidity, a significant excess of baryons over antibaryons is still present.
Schon vor Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts war mit der Romantik auch der frühromantische, von Friedrich Schlegel vorgebrachte Grundsatz, Poesie kann nur durch Poesie kritisiert werden, zusamt der ihn begleitenden Konzentration auf Dichtungskritik obsolet geworden. Heine prägte 1831 die berühmte - Romantik und Klassik umgreifende - Formel vom Ende der Kunstperiode. Der konstatierte Paradigmenwechsel von einer autonomen, alltagsabgehobenen Dichtung hin zu einer politisch lebensbezogenen Literatur bedeutete aber nicht, dass poetische Ansprüche aufgegeben worden wären. Dies war, was keines neuerlichen Nachweises bedarf, weder bei Heine selbst der Fall, noch bei einer Vielzahl seiner gleichfalls innovativen literarischen Zeitgenossen im Vor- und Nachmärz. Es ist ferner geläufig, dass sie zumeist darin übereinkamen, eine neue Poesie, eine mehr oder weniger zukünftige Poesie des Lebens zu fordern und zu suchen - im einzelnen freilich auf unterschiedlichen Wegen. Vernachlässigt hingegen hat man die Rolle der Literaturkritik bei diesen Bemühungen. Zu fragen ist nicht nur nach dem Verhältnis von politischen und poetologischen Schriftstellerkonzepten, sondern insbesondere nach der ästhetischen Fundierung politisierter literaturkritischer Feststellungen, Wertungen und Forderungen der Zeit um 1850. Es geht um die Praxis damaliger Literaturkritik, die bisher hinter einem Forschungsinteresse an der Theorie und an programmatischen Selbstbekundungen der Kritiker zurückstand. Versucht wird deshalb zunächst ein Umriss am Beispiel dreier exponierter Autoren: Ludolf Wienbarg, Friedrich Theodor Vischer und Julian Schmidt - Literaturkritiker alle drei, die beiden erstgenannten zudem Schriftsteller und Ästhetiker.
The investigation is aimed at re-cultivation in the area of the Krušné Hory (Krušné Mountains) in the Czech Republic. In this area, mainly in the town of Most region, there are many coal mines. The re-cultivation by inundation has been used since 1998. In this paper, the toxicity of the Bílina River profile is evaluated and the possible influence of water and sediment quality on biological revival is assessed. Three types of samples were tested - water from the river profile, black mud with oil products odour and sand from the stream center line. These samples were tested by standard acute toxicity tests on green alga Scenedesmus quadricauda strain Greifswald 15, seeds of Sinapis alba and small crustaceans Daphnia magna strain Straus. The acute toxicity bioassays on Daphnia magna did not exhibit any signs of toxicity and it was recommended to use chronic tests on this organism. Also, no inhibitory effects on the growth of Sinapis alba roots were found. A high growth inhibition of the alga Scenedesmus quadricauda was found. In the culture of Scenedesmus quadricauda teratological formations occured.