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This article analyses the German discourse particle wohl 'I suppose', 'presumably' as a syntactic and semantic modifier of the sentence types declarative and interrogative. It is shown that wohl does not contribute to the propositional, i.e. descriptive content of an utterance. Nor does it trigger an implicature. The proposed analysis captures the semantic behaviour of wohl by assuming that it moves to SpecForceP at LF, from where it can modify the sentence type operators in Force0 in compositional fashion. Semantically, a modification with wohl results in a weaker commitment to the proposition expressed in declaratives and in a request for a weaker commitment concerning the questioned proposition in interrogatives. Cross-linguistic evidence for a left-peripheral position of wohl (at LF) comes from languages in which the counterpart of wohl occurs in the clausal periphery overtly. Overall, the analysis sheds more light on the semantic properties of the left periphery, in particular of the functional projection ForceP.
This paper reports the results of a corpus investigation on case conflicts in German argument free relative constructions. We investigate how corpus frequencies reflect the relative markedness of free relative and correlative constructions, the relative markedness of different case conflict configurations, and the relative markedness of different conflict resolution strategies. Section 1 introduces the conception of markedness as used in Optimality Theory. Section 2 introduces the facts about German free relative clauses, and section 3 presents the results of the corpus study. By and large, markedness and frequency go hand in hand. However, configurations at the highest end of the markedness scale rarely show up in corpus data, and for the configuration at the lowest end we found an unexpected outcome: the more marked structure is preferred.
German dialects vary in which of the possible orders of the verbs in a 3-verb cluster they allow. In a still ongoing empirical investigation that I am undertaking together with Tanja Schmid, University of Stuttgart (Schmid and Vogel (2004)) we already found that each of the six logically possible permutations of the 3-verb cluster in (1) can be found in German dialects.
The filling of the 'Vorfeld' in German sentences is basically obligatory; which constituent, however, actually moves to the Vorfeld is underdetermined by syntax and thus governed presumably by discourse factors. Coming from English, there are certain competing expectations one could have: either the topic — more specifically, the backward-looking center — of a sentence is moved to the Vorfeld, or an element in a poset relationship to a set mentioned in the previous discourse, or elements with other functions, such as the exposition of brand-new information or the setting of a scene. A study of a corpus of texts of different stylistic levels showed that indeed all elements expected to appear in the Vorfeld are eligible for Vorfeld-movement, but that there is a strict ranking. Preferred Vorfeld-fillers are phrases containing brand-new information as well as scene-setting elements; only if no such elements are present can elements in a poset relationship with some previously mentioned set be moved to the Vorfeld. Finally, if such elements are not present either, backward-looking centers can move to the Vorfeld. Backward-looking centers have, for this reason, a relatively poor quota among Vorfeld-fillers, namely around 50%.
In this paper, we investigate two pairs of structures in German and English: German Weak Pronoun Left Dislocation and English Topicalization, on the one hand, and German and English Hanging Topic Left Dislocation, on the other. We review the prosodic, lexical, syntactic, and discourse evidence that places the former two structures into one class and the latter two into another, taking this evidence to show that dislocates in the former class are syntactically integrated into their 'host' sentences while those in the latter class are not. From there, we show that the most straightforward way to account for this difference in 'integration' is to take the dislocates in the latter structures to be 'orphans', phrases that are syntactically independent of the phrases with which they are associated, providing additional empirical and theoretical support for this analysis — which, we point out, has a number of antecedents in the literature.
Rezension zu Volker Zenk: Innere Forschungsreisen. Literarischer Exotismus in Deutschland zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts, Oldenburg (Igel Verlag Wissenschaft) 2003 (= Literatur- und Medienwissenschaft; Bd. 89). 424 Seiten.
Mit seiner Dissertation legt der Autor eine Synthese der in den letzten Jahren zunehmend in Einzeluntersuchungen zerstreuten Forschung zur exotistischen Literatur der Jahrhundertwende vor.
Bücher und Publikationen in deutscher Sprache : aus der rumänischen Verlagsproduktion 1989-1999
(2004)
Rezension zu Horst Jürgen Gerigk: Lesen und Interpretieren, Göttingen (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht) 2002 (= UTB für Wissenschaft; Bd. 2323). 192 Seiten.
Wenn ein professioneller Leser bei seiner Lektüre eines literarischen Werks innehält, um sich zu fragen, was denn da eigentlich beim Lesen überhaupt geschehe, welche Sensibilisierungen es erzeuge, welche Einsichten es bewirke, so mag dies ein Anlaß sein, sich den grundsätzlichsten aller Fragen zuzuwenden, mit denen es der Literaturtheoretiker zu tun hat: Was charakterisiert literarische Texte als solche? Welche Einstellung und welche Kompetenz verlangen sie ihrem Leser ab? Gibt es spezifische Modi literarischer Darstellung? Gerigks Buch ist, wie einleitend betont wird, von einer solchen Lese-Pause stimuliert worden. In der Form von zwölf thematisch miteinander vernetzten, dabei relativ selbständigen Teilen - Grundlage des Buches waren Gerigks Heidelberger Vorlesungen zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Literaturwissenschaft - werden im Ausgang von vielfaltigen Beispielen aus der europäischen und amerikanischen Literatur grundsätzliche Thesen und Modelle zum Wesen des Literarischen selbst entwickelt.
Rezension zu Klaus-Peter Dencker (Hg.): Poetische Sprachspiele. Vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart, Stuttgart (Reclam) 2002 (= Reclams Universal-Bibliothek; Bd. 18238). 428 Seiten.
Klaus Peter Dencker, der als Anthologist und Kommentator schon im Bereich der visuellen Dichtung und der Unsinnspoesie Pionierarbeit geleistet hat (Klaus-Peter Dencker (Hg.): Text-Bilder. Visuelle Poesie international. Von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart, Köln 1972; ders. (Hg.): Deutsche Unsinnspoesie, Stuttgart 1978), legt mit einer neuen Anthologie zu 'Poetische[n] Sprachspiele[n]' (Stuttgart 2002) eine Sammlung vor, welche nicht nur denjenigen anspricht, dem ludistische Poesien eine besondere Lust am Text bereiten. Auch dem literaturhistorisch und literarästhetisch interessierten Leser haben die 325 Seiten mit Sammelstücken sowie die begleitenden Informationen vieles zu bieten.