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The unimolecular thermal decomposition of chloroethane-2-d3 and chloroethane-2-d1 was studied in a static system at two temperatures and at pressures between 0.1 and 10 mm Hg. The rate constants for the high pressure limit were obtained from these measurements and used to calculate the Arrhenius equations. The decomposition of chloroethane-2-d3 was also studied at high conversions and yielded almost exclusively (97%) DCl and CD2CH2 as shown by mass spectrometric analysis thus proving a molecular elimination mechanism via a four-centered reaction complex.
Aqueous solutions of alkyl sulphates containing small amounts of the free alkanol differ in their dissolving properties for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solutions of the pure soap in concentrations near the CMC. The differences are observed only near the CMC of the pure soap, where the soap solutions containing free alkanol have a minimum of the surface tension. The observed alterations are deviations from the Lambert-Beer law, energy transfer, and changes of the fluorescence quantum efficiencies, when the soap concentration is varied. The different results are consistent with the assumption that microcristalline molecular van der Waals associations are brought into solution by the soap solutions which were studied.
Triphenylmethylphosphonium nitrite and formate have been prepared by the reaction of [PPh3Me]I with silver nitrite, and lead formate, respectively, in aqueous solutions. [PPh3Me]NO2 (1) forms pale yellow crystals, and [PPh3Me]HCO2·H2O (2) forms white crystals. Both compounds are soluble in water, ethanol, and dichloromethane. In moist air 2 is hydrated to yield [PPh3Me]HCO2·2H2O (3). The compounds were characterized by their IR spectra, 1 and 2 also by X-ray crystal structure determinations.
[PPh3Me]NO2 (1): space group P21/n, Z = 4, 2088 independent observed reflexions, R = 0.062. Lattice dimensions (20 °C): a = 914.7(3), b = 1887.5(9), c = 1080.0(4) pm, β = 110.29(3)°. The compound consists of PPh3Me+ ions and NO2- anions with bond lengths of 114.2(6) pm and a bond angle of 124.1(7)°.
[PPh3Me]HCO2·H2O (2): space group P21/n, Z = 4, 2973 independent observed reflexions, R = 0.069. Lattice dimensions (-20 °C): a = 931(2), b = 1558(3), c = 1281(2) pm, β = 105.9(1)°. The compound consists of PPh3Me+ ions and formate anions which form centrosymmetric dimeric units [HCO2·H2O]22- through hydrogen bridges of the water molecules. Bond lengths CO 122.4(4) and 120.9(4) pm. bond angle OCO 129.9(4)°.
The spectral properties of binary complexes of NAD-analogues and fragments therefrom with I.DH from pig heart or ADH from liver and yeast have been investigated. The NADH-analogues were modified by replacing adenine through benzimidazole, benzene or dihydronicotinamide. Additionally adenosine diphosphate ribose, dihydronicotinamide and dihydronicotinamide- ribose pyrophosphate-5"-ribose have been studied.
It has been shown by means of difference spectra that complexes between ADH from horse liver and analogues cause spectral changes in the region of aromatic absorption at 280 nm even when adenine is absent in the analogues. Spectral changes in the other enzymes mentioned are probably due to changes of the n-π* absorption of the adenine ring. The spectral changes upon complexing indicate hydrophobic interaction of the adenine with the enzyme protein. Fluorescence spectra vary in the intensity of the energy transfer band as well as in coenzyme emission depending on variation of the coenzym analogue. Changing of complex formation between protein and analogues at different pH-values are investigated. ADH from yeast, especially, shows a pK around 6 which suggests interaction with histidine imidazole.
Stereoisomere Aromastoffe XIX: Asymmetrische Reduktion von 4(5)-Oxocarbonsäuren mit Bäckerhefe
(1987)
Asymmetric reduction of 4(5)-oxocarboxylic acids (esters)by baker’s yeast and cyclizationin acidic media yield soptically active γ(δ)lactones. The evaluation of their chirality and optical purity was carried out by HPLC (HRGC)analysis of the corresponding 1,4(1.5)-diols via diastereomeric esters with(R)-Mosher acid(MTPA) and (S)-O-acyllactic acids respectively. By increasing the 4(5)alkyl side chain 4R(5R) configurated γ(δ)-lactones with high ee-values are generated.
Exposite produce chemiluminescence when heated to 50 - 70 °C or treated with nucleophilic substances at room temperature. Initiation by Piperidine in Dimethylsulfoxide allows to determine 5 nmol of Phenyloxirane in 5 ml samples.
A single procedure for the preparation of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic forms of malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3) and pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) from pig heart is described. The five enzymes are obtained in preparative amounts in homogenous form with specific activities equal to or higher than those pre viously reported. Some molecular properties of pig heart pyruvate kinase are determined.
Alkylating NAD-Analogs, Glyceraldehyde-3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Half-of-the-Sites Reactivity co-(3-Bromoacetylpyridinio)alkyldiphosphoadenosines with alkyl chain lengths of 2 -6 me thylene groups inactivate glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase from rabbit muscle. Half-of-the-Sites reactivity is observed in each case: The analogs are covalently bound to highly reactive cysteine residues in two of the four subunits. The remaining two subunits still bind N AD and the reactive SH-groups, although modified by SH-reagents of low molecular weight are not labeled by any of the brominated coenzyme models. This behaviour may be explained by the assumption, that the modification of 2 subunits induces structural changes in the neighboured unoccupied subunits which prevent any attack on reactive cysteine residues caused by fixation and orientation of the bromoketo-coenzyme analog when bound to the active center. Structural similarities of the covalently bound coenzyme analogs in the active center and the native ternary GAPDH-NAD-substrate complex suggest that half-of-the-sites reactivity is a natural characteristic of the enzymes catalytic mechanism.
5-Acetyl-4-methyl-1-(β-D-ribofuranosyl) -imidazole-5′-phosphate reacts with diphenylphospho chloridate forming the asymmetrical pyrophosphate ester. This in turn reacts with tri-n-butylammonium phosphate yielding 5-acetyl-4-methyl-imidazole-riboside-5′-diphosphate and with tri-rcbutylammonium pyrophosphate to give the nucleotide triphosphate.
5-Acetyl-4-methyl-imidazole-riboside-5′-pyrophosphate shows in the test with pyruvate kinase a reaction rate three times slower than that of ADP; but the same Km as that of ADP. The ATP analogue is only about 10% as effective as ATP itself in the test with hexokinase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase and gluconate kinase. Adenylate kinase and NAD+ kinase show no activity when ATP is replaced by the nucleotide-triphosphate-analogue. In presence of ATP the analogue strongly inhibits the reaction of adenylate kinase.