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Background. The aim of this study was to show the importance of the bone marker procollagen type 1 aminoterminal propeptide (P1NP) in detecting bone metastases in women suffering from breast cancer. We furthermore investigated to what degree P1NP is correlated to the degree of bone metastases, and if P1NP is increased in patients with metastases other than bone. Patients and Methods. We analyzed 80 serum samples of women (17 premenopausal/63 postmenopausal) with breast cancer. Therefore we used a specific immunoassay “ELECSYS 2010” by Roche Diagnostics. We divided our group of patients with regard to menopausal status, sites of metastases and number of bone metastases. Results. As a result we found higher concentrations of P1NP in women with radiologically confirmed bone metastases (median: 125.75 ng/mL) in comparison to the collective without bone involvement (median: 73.61 ng/mL). However, both groups showed values above the applied cutoff values of median 27.8 ng/mL for premenopausal women and median: 37.1 ng/mL for the postmenopausal group due to the fact that all patients had cancer. Furthermore higher P1NP concentrations were found in women with more than 5 sites of bone metastases (median: 183.9 ng/mL) than in patients with only one site of bone metastases (median: 37 ng/mL). Also patients with no bone involvement but other sites of metastases showed quite high P1NP concentrations (median: 73.61 ng/mL). Conclusion. The marker of bone turnover procollagen type 1 aminoterminal propeptide can be considered as a useful tool for estimating the extent of bone involvement and for the detection of bone metastases. P1NP cannot replace conventional methods for detecting bone metastases such as radiological methods but it can help clarify unclear radiological results. This study does not take into account the change of P1NP concentration during the course of therapy.
L’histoire sociale du haut Moyen Âge occidental s’est longtemps intéressée, de manière pour ainsi dire exclusive, aux classes supérieures de la société, d’une part, et au système de domination de base, de l’autre. Les niveaux inférieurs de pouvoir, la variété des systèmes de domination et, par conséquent, la multiplicité des modes de relations unissant les hommes du haut Moyen Âge les uns aux autres ne se sont que récemment imposés comme autant d’objets de recherche fondamentaux. C’est donc dans une perspective relativement neuve et originale que s’inscrit la thèse consacrée aux communautés locales bavaroises entre les VIII e et X e siècles, soutenue par Thomas Kohl à l’université Johannes Guttenberg de Mayence en juillet 2008 et parue chez Thorbecke en 2010. ...
Universities and economic development in Africa: Pact, academic core and coordination draws together evidence and synthesises the findings from eight African case studies. The three key findings presented in this report are as follows: 1. There is a lack of clarity and agreement (pact) about a development model and the role of higher education in development, at both national and institutional levels. There is, however, an increasing awareness, particularly at government level, of the importance of universities in the global context of the knowledge economy. 2. Research production at the eight African universities is not strong enough to enable them to build on their traditional undergraduate teaching roles and make a sustained contribution to development via new knowledge production. A number of universities have manageable student-staff ratios and adequately qualifi ed staff, but inadequate funds for staff to engage in research. In addition, the incentive regimes do not support knowledge production. 3. In none of the countries in the sample is there a coordinated effort between government, external stakeholders and the university to systematically strengthen the contribution that the university can make to development. While at each of the universities there are exemplary development projects that connect strongly to external stakeholders and strengthen the academic core, the challenge is how to increase the number of these projects. The project on which this report is based forms part of a larger study on Higher Education and Economic Development in Africa, undertaken by the Higher Education Research and Advocacy Network in Africa (HERANA). HERANA is coordinated by the Centre for Higher Education Transformation in South Africa.
The crossbar H-mode (CH) cavity is an accelerating structure operated in the H21(0) mode. The robustness of the crossbar geometry allows one to realize room temperature as well as superconducting linac cavities. The shunt impedance characteristics of this structure are attractive to develop proton and heavy ion linacs in the low and medium beta range. A first room temperature eight-cell prototype has proven the feasibility of the crossbar design in terms of mechanical construction, copper plating, and cooling. An innovative rf coupling concept has been developed where two CH cavities are connected by a two gap E010-mode resonator which, at the same time, provides transverse focusing by a quadrupole triplet. The concept has been applied in the design of the new FAIR proton linac and a scaled model of the second cavity of this injector has been built and tested too. The full scale prototype is now under construction at the University of Frankfurt. In this paper, the room temperature CH cavity development as well as the general layout of the FAIR proton injector (70 MeV, 325 MHz, 70 mA) is presented and discussed.
Überleben? : nach Auschwitz
(2011)
Es geht tatsächlich auch beim Nachdenken über 'Überleben' um Erfahrung und den Begriff der Erfahrung, einen qualitativen Begriff der Erfahrung, der ja in den Sozialwissenschaften immer wieder droht, aufgeweicht zu werden beziehungsweise diffundiert zu werden durch die Übermacht einer rein quantifizierbaren Empirie. Aber im Kern der Sozialforschung, gerade in ihrem kritischen Kern, steht die Kategorie der 'Erfahrung'. Erfahrung ist auch etwas, was über Personen vermittelt wird und vermittelt werden kann. Erfahrung kann auch die engen Grenzen überschreiten, die eine Aufklärung kennzeichnet, die sich bloß auf Texte bezieht. Erfahrung kann diese Grenzen überwinden. Auch die Enge kann überwunden werden, dass nur das mitgeteilt und auch verstanden werden kann, was individuell erlebt worden ist und in der Kommunikation zwischen unterschiedlichen Subjekten überschritten werden kann. Zwar haben Horkheimer und Adorno immer einen Schrecken gehabt, wenn sie das Wort 'Kommunikation' gehört haben, aber hier geht es auch tatsächlich um eine Überschreitung, eine Überschreitung der Grenzen des Individuums.
Review of: Vinzenz Brinkmann, Oliver Primavesi, Max Hollein (eds.), Circumlitio. The Polychromy of Antique and Medieval Sculpture. Proceedings of the Johann David Passavant Colloquium, 10-12 December 2008. Liebighaus Skulpturensammlung, Frankfurt am Main, 2010, 423 pp., 334 colour ill.,ISBN 978-3-7774-2871-0
New scientific methods now being applied to the analysis of traces of pigments and gilding on ancient Greek and Roman marble statuary, and other marble artefacts, have the potential to revolutionise our understanding of the relationship between form and colour in antiquity. At present the enquiry is still in its infancy, but the papers delivered at a conference held in Frankfurt in 2008, reviewed here, provide a general introduction to the subject and to a wide range of work in progress.
Angst in der Jugendliteratur : eine Fallstudie am Beispiel des Romans "Rotkäppchen muss weinen"
(2011)
Using the example of Beate Teresa Hanika's debut novel 'Rotkäppchen muss weinen', the author demonstrates how the basic emotion of fear is manifested in literature for young people. The article presents both the ways in which this emotion is depicted explicitly and the ways in which it is implicitly thematized on several levels of language. In conclusion, drawing also on a previous study of the manifestation of fear in children’s literature, the author addresses the question of whether there are differences in the expression of fear depending on the age of the producers and/or receivers.
The pseudoscorpions Chthonius (Chthonius) carinthiacus Beier, 1951 and Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tuberculatus Hadži, 1937, are recorded for the first time from Slovakia. An illustrated description of these species is provided based on their morphological and morphometric characters. The descriptions of the species offer an update on the variability of their morphological and morphometric characters.
Chthonius (Chthonius) hungaricus Mahnert, 1980 and Larca lata (Hansen, 1884) were recorded for the first time from Slovakia. The finding of C. hungaricus in Slovakia is the second known record since its description and the finding of L. lata is the first record of the family of Larcidae in Slovakia. The descriptions of the species offer an update on the variability of morphologic and morphometric characters. Indications about the habitats of C. hungaricus are also given for the first time.