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Langzeitergebnisse nach 10 Jahren unterstützender Parodontitistherapie: Zahnbezogene Parameter
(2022)
Ziel: Die Einschätzung der Prognose eines parodontal erkrankten Zahnes zu Beginn der unterstützenden Parodontaltherapie (UPT) ist Teil der Behandlungsplanung. Ziel dieser Studie war es, Zahnverlust bei parodontal kompromittierten Patienten über einen Zeitraum von 10 Jahren zu evaluieren und einflussnehmende zahnbezogene Risikofaktoren zu identifizieren.
Material und Methoden: Die Patienten wurden 120 ± 12 Monate nach aktiver Parodontaltherapie nachuntersucht. Zahnverlust während der UPT wurde als Hauptzielkriterium definiert. Zahnbezogene Faktoren [Pfeilerstatus, Furkationsbeteiligung (FB), Lockerungsgrad (LG), mittlere Sondierungstiefe (ST) und Attachmentlevel (AL) zu Beginn der UPT, initialer Knochenabbau (KA)] wurden mittels adjustierter logistischer Multilevel-Regressionsanalyse analysiert.
Ergebnisse: Siebenundneunzig Patienten (51 weiblich, Ø Alter 65,3 ± 11 Jahre) verloren 119 von initial 2323 Zähnen [Gesamtzahnverlust (GZV): 0,12 Zähne/Patient/Jahr] während 10 Jahren UPT, hiervon 40 aus parodontalen Gründen [parodontal bedingter Zahnverlust (PZV); 0,04 Zähne/Patient/Jahr]. Signifikant mehr Zähne wurden aus anderen Gründen extrahiert (p <0,0001). PZV (GZV) trat nur bei 5,9 % (14,7 %) der Zähne mit KA ≥ 80 % auf. Nutzung als Pfeilerzahn, FB III, LG I und II sowie mittlere ST und AL korrelierten positiv mit dem GZV. Bezüglich des PZV konnten ein FB III sowie ein LG III und mittlere AL als zahnbezogene Risikofaktoren identifiziert werden (p <0,05).
Schlussfolgerungen: Nach 10 Jahren UPT konnte ein Großteil (96,4 %) der parodontal vorerkrankten Zähne erhalten werden. Dies unterstreicht den positiven Effekt eines etablierten Behandlungskonzepts. Bereits bekannte zahnbezogene Risikofaktoren für Zahnverlust konnten bestätigt werden.
Die vorliegende Studie wurde durch die Stiftung Carolinum (Frankfurt am Main) finanziell unterstützt.
Background: Prolonged immunosuppression or delayed T-cell recovery may favor Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection or reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which can lead to post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) and high-grade malignant B-cell lymphoma. Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells with dual specific anti-tumor and virus-specific cellular immunity may be applied in this context.
Methods: CIK cells with EBV-specificity were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), expanded in the presence of interferon-γ, anti-CD3, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-15 and were pulsed twice with EBV consensus peptide pool. CIK cells with EBV-specificity and conventional CIK cells were phenotypically and functionally analyzed. Additionally, CIK cells with EBV-specificity were applied to a patient with EBV-related PTLD rapidly progressing to highly aggressive B-cell lymphoma on a compassionate use basis after approval and agreement by the regulatory authorities.
Results: Pre-clinical analysis showed that generation of CIK cells with EBV-specificity was feasible. In vitro cytotoxicity analyses showed increased lysis of EBV-positive target cells, enhanced proliferative capacity and increased secretion of cytolytic and proinflammatory cytokines in the presence of EBV peptide-displaying target cells. In addition, 1 week after infusion of CIK cells with EBV-specificity, the patient's highly aggressive B-cell lymphoma persistently disappeared. CIK cells with EBV-specificity remained detectable for up to 32 days after infusion and infusion did not result in acute toxicity.
Discussion: The transfer of both anti-cancer potential and T-cell memory against EBV infection provided by EBV peptide-induced CIK cells might be considered a therapy for EBV-related PTLD.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by distinct motor and non-motor symptoms. Sleep disorders are the most frequent and challenging non-motor symptoms in PD patients, and there is growing evidence that they are a consequence of disruptions within the circadian system. PD is characterized by a progressive degeneration of the dorsal vagal nucleus and midbrain dopaminergic neurons together with an imbalance of many other neurotransmitters. Mutations in α-synuclein (SNCA), a protein modulating SNARE complex-dependent neurotransmission, trigger dominantly inherited PD variants and sporadic cases of PD. The A53T SNCA missense mutation is associated with an autosomal dominant early-onset familial PD. To test whether this missense mutation affects the circadian system, we analyzed the spontaneous locomotor behavior of non-transgenic wildtype mice and transgenic mice overexpressing mutant human A53T α-synuclein (A53T). The mice were subjected to entrained- and free-running conditions as well as to experimental jet lag. Furthermore, the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Free-running circadian rhythm and, thus, circadian rhythm generation, were not affected in A53T mice. A53T mice entrained to the light–dark cycle, however, with an advanced phase angle of 2.65 ± 0.5 h before lights off. Moreover, re-entrainment after experimental jet lag was impaired in A53T mice. Finally, VGLUT2 immunoreaction was reduced in the SCN of A53T mice. These data suggest an impaired light entrainment of the circadian system in A53T mice.
The role of endogenous melatonin for the control of the circadian system under entrained conditions and for the determination of the chronotype is still poorly understood. Mice with deletions in the melatoninergic system (melatonin deficiency or the lack of melatonin receptors, respectively) do not display any obvious defects in either their spontaneous (circadian) or entrained (diurnal) rhythmic behavior. However, there are effects that can be detected by analyzing the periodicity of the locomotor behaviors in some detail. We found that melatonin-deficient mice (C57Bl), as well as melatonin-proficient C3H mice that lack the melatonin receptors (MT) 1 and 2 (C3H MT1,2 KO), reproduce their diurnal locomotor rhythms with significantly less accuracy than mice with an intact melatoninergic system. However, their respective chronotypes remained unaltered. These results show that one function of the endogenous melatoninergic system might be to stabilize internal rhythms under conditions of a steady entrainment, while it has no effects on the chronotype.
Hintergrund: Eine empirische Untersuchung zur tatsächlichen Lehrpraxis an den medizinischen Fakultäten sowie eine Aufnahme der Wünsche von Medizinstudierenden und Ärzten unterschiedlicher Weiterbildungsgrade hinsichtlich Seltener Erkrankungen in der Lehre ist bisher noch nicht umfassend vorgenommen worden. Um die Integration der Seltenen Erkrankungen in die medizinische Ausbildung an deutschen Universitäten zu fördern, soll neben einer Ist-Analyse zudem die Entwicklung eines geeigneten Modellmoduls für Seltene Erkrankungen erfolgen. Dies soll einen Beitrag dazu leisten, angehende Ärzte bereits während ihres Humanmedizinstudiums für Seltene Erkrankungen zu sensibilisieren.
Methoden: Es wird eine Ist- Analyse anhand einer anonymen Fragebogenumfrage an den medizinischen Fakultäten Deutschlands sowie ein leitfadengestütztes Interview mit Studierenden im praktischen Jahr, Assistenzärzten des Universitätsklinikums Frankfurt und Fachärzten für Allgemeinmedizin/ hausärztlich tätigen Internisten des Kreises Bergstraße sowie Alzey-Worms durchgeführt. Aus der Gesamtheit der studentischen Wünsche an eine Lehrveranstaltung zu Seltenen Erkrankungen, den Empfehlungen von Seiten der Assistenzärzte/ Fachärzte für Allgemeinmedizin sowie den Kompetenzbereichen und Lernzielen des NKLM wird das Modellmodul mit entsprechenden Kompetenzen und Lernzielen entwickelt.
Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen: In den empirisch erhobenen Daten zeigt sich, dass Mediziner aller Aus- und Weiterbildungsstufen häufiger als gedacht mit Seltenen Erkrankungen in Berührung kommen. Weiterhin ist festzustellen, dass die momentane Lehrsituation nicht optimal auf den Umgang mit Seltenen Erkrankungen vorbereitet. 29 von 33 Befragten begrüßen daher die curriculare Integration von Seltenen Erkrankungen in das Medizinstudium. Die frühe Sensibilisierung von Medizinstudierenden für die spezifischen Probleme von Menschen mit Seltenen Erkrankungen sowie die lernzielorientierte Kompetenzvermittlung zum Umgang mit solchen durch ein curricular integriertes Modellmodul, trägt zur Professionalisierung der angehenden Ärzte bei. Gleichzeitig wird die Versorgung von Menschen mit Seltenen Erkrankungen verbessert. Einerseits kann somit dem Patienten ein langer Leidensweg erspart werden, andererseits tritt bei Medizinern keine Überforderung im Umgang mit Nichtwissen über Seltene Erkrankungen ein. Die dabei eingesparten zeitlichen und finanziellen Ressourcen können in eine optimale Patientenversorgung investiert werden.
Simultaneous and dose dependent melanoma cytotoxic and immune stimulatory activity of betulin
(2015)
Conventional cytostatic cancer treatments rarely result in the complete eradication of tumor cells. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies focus on antagonizing the immunosuppressive activity of established tumors. In particular, recent studies of antigen-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) eliciting a specific antitumor immune response has raised the hopes of achieving the complete elimination of tumor tissue. Genistein, fingolimod and betulin have already been described as active compounds in different types of cancer. Herein, we applied an integrated screening approach to characterize both their cytostatic and their immune-modulating properties side-by-side. As will be described in detail, our data confirmed that all three compounds exerted proapoptotic and antiproliferative activity in different B16 melanoma cell lines to a given extent, as revealed by an MTT assay, CFSE and DAPI staining. However, while genistein and fingolimod also affected the survival of primary bone marrow (BM) derived DCs of C57BL/6 mice, betulin exhibited a lower cytotoxicity for BMDCs in comparison to the melanoma cells. Moreover, we could show for the first time, that only betulin caused a simultaneous, highly specific immune-stimulating activity, as measured by the IL-12p70 release of Toll-like receptor 4-stimulated BMDCs by ELISA, which was due to increased IL-12p35 mRNA expression. Interestingly, the activation of DCs resulted in enhanced T lymphocyte stimulation, indicated by increased IL-2 and IFN-γ production of cytotoxic T cells in spleen cell co-culture assays which led to a decreased viability of B16 cells in an antigen specific model system. This may overcome the immunosuppressive environment of a tumor and destroy tumor cells more effectively in vivo if the immune response is specific targeted against the tumor tissue by antigen-loaded dendritic cells. In summary, cytostatic agents, such as betulin, that simultaneously exhibit immune stimulatory activity may serve as lead compounds and hold great promise as a novel approach for an integrated cancer therapy.
Several microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with the molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, previous studies analyzing the dysregulation of miRNAs in HCC show heterogeneous results. We hypothesized that part of this heterogeneity might be attributable to variations of miRNA expression deriving from the HCC capsule or the fibrotic septa within the peritumoral tissue used as controls. Tissue from surgically resected hepatitis C–associated HCC from six well-matched patients was microdissected using laser microdissection and pressure catapulting technique. Four distinct histologic compartments were isolated: tumor parenchyma (TP), fibrous capsule of the tumor (TC), tumor-adjacent liver parenchyma (LP), and cirrhotic septa of the tumor-adjacent liver (LC). MiRNA expression profiling analysis of 1105 mature miRNAs and precursors was performed using miRNA microarray. Principal component analysis and consecutive pairwise supervised comparisons demonstrated distinct patterns of expressed miRNAs not only for TP versus LP (e.g., intratumoral down-regulation of miR-214, miR-199a, miR-146a, and miR-125a; P< .05) but also for TC versus LC (including down-regulation within TC of miR-126, miR-99a/100, miR-26a, and miR-125b; P< .05). The tumor capsule therefore demonstrates a tumor-like phenotype with down-regulation of well-known tumor-suppressive miRNAs. Variations of co-analyzed fibrotic tissue within the tumor or in controls may have profound influence on miRNA expression analyses in HCC. Several miRNAs, which are proposed to be HCC specific, may indeed be rather associated to the tumor capsule. As miRNAs evolve to be important biomarkers in liver tumors, the presented data have important translational implications on diagnostics and treatment in patients with HCC.
There is ample epidemiologic evidence for an association of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). B-NHL subtypes most frequently associated with HCV are marginal zone lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The most convincing evidence for a causal relationship between HCV infection and lymphoma development is the observation of B-NHL regression after HCV eradication by antiviral therapy (AVT). In fact, for indolent HCV-associated B-NHL, first-line AVT instead of standard immune-chemotherapy might be considered. Molecular mechanisms of HCV-NHL development are still poorly understood. Three general theories have emerged to understand the HCV-induced lymphomagenesis: (1) continuous external stimulation of lymphocyte receptors by viral antigens and consecutive proliferation; (2) HCV replication in B cells with oncogenic effect mediated by intracellular viral proteins; (3) permanent B-cell damage, e.g., mutation of tumor suppressor genes, caused by a transiently intracellular virus (“hit and run” theory). This review systematically summarizes the data on epidemiology, interventional studies, and molecular mechanisms of HCV-associated B-NHL.
During the very well attended year congresses of EANS in Barcelona and EUROSPINE in Frankfurt we proudly awarded two authors for the Best Paper in the Brain Section respectively Spine Section of Brain and Spine in the past academic year (July 2022 - June 2023).
The titles represent the wide interest and scientific value of our journal.
"The expression of metalloproteinases in the lumbar disc correlates strongly with Pfirrmann MRI grades in lumbar spinal fusion patients" by Sanjay Arapika from Copenhagen.
"Management of Cavernous Sinus Meningiomas: Consensus statement on behalf of the EANS skull base section" by Marco Corniola from the University of Rennes.
This editorial contains short commentary on both papers from our side.