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Analysis of whole cell lipid extracts of bacteria by means of ultra-performance (UP)LC-MS allows a comprehensive determination of the lipid molecular species present in the respective organism. The data allow conclusions on its metabolic potential as well as the creation of lipid profiles, which visualize the organism's response to changes in internal and external conditions. Herein, we describe: i) a fast reversed phase UPLC-ESI-MS method suitable for detection and determination of individual lipids from whole cell lipid extracts of all polarities ranging from monoacylglycerophosphoethanolamines to TGs; ii) the first overview of a wide range of lipid molecular species in vegetative Myxococcus xanthus DK1622 cells; iii) changes in their relative composition in selected mutants impaired in the biosynthesis of α-hydroxylated FAs, sphingolipids, and ether lipids; and iv) the first report of ceramide phosphoinositols in M. xanthus, a lipid species previously found only in eukaryotes.
In der Bekämpfung eines Virus scheint die Zeit aus den Fugen, Unsicherheit und Prekarisierung werden normal - es ist eine Zeit identitärer, individualisierender Immunisierung. Wie kann dann aber eine Zeitlichkeit verstanden werden, die das "Normale" infrage stellt? Isabell Lorey argumentiert für eine queere Zeitlichkeit, die es ermöglicht, in der Gegenwart unruhig zu bleiben. Sie plädiert für eine Sozialität, die auf wechselseitiger Sorge und queeren Schulden basiert und an gemeinsamer kontaminierender Immunisierung interessiert ist.
We study the effect of randomness in the adversarial queueing model. All proofs of instability for deterministic queueing strategies exploit a finespun strategy of insertions by an adversary. If the local queueing decisions in the network are subject to randomness, it is far from obvious, that an adversary can still trick the network into instability. We show that uniform queueing is unstable even against an oblivious adversary. Consequently, randomizing the queueing decisions made to operate a network is not in itself a suitable fix for poor network performances due to packet pileups.
Schlechte Leistungen in der Schule können mit der Gesundheit, der Bildungssituation oder sozialen Rahmenbedingungen in Zusammenhang gebracht werden. Die Forschungsarbeit untersucht die Zusammenhänge aus Sicht der jungen Menschen und beschreibt deren Theorien. Aus den Theorien werden Ansätze zur Verbesserung der gesundheitlichen und sozialen Situation sowie der Bildung abgeleitet.
Die Erfassung von subjektiven Theorien von bildungsfernen Personen gestaltet sich schwierig, wenn die Personen nicht in der Lage sind, ihre Theorien formal zu abstrahieren. In dieser Publikation wird ein Verfahren beschrieben, mit welchen Schritten dennoch subjektive Theorien zur aufgestellten Forschungsfrage extrahiert werden können. Das Verfahren basiert auf einer systematischen Auswertung von transkribierten Interviews.
What happened to the tremendous legacy of juridical knowledge left behind in Italy in the 6th century? Into what labyrinth did it plunge only to re-emerge after the silent age of the early Middle Ages into the light of day, and effectively come to shape the renewal of the jurisprudence at the beginning of the 12th century? One-and-a-half centuries after the fanciful writings of Hermann Fitting, legal historians are still looking for the answers to these questions. Considering the new information we have (especially coming from the paleographical research), this paper re-examines the existence as well as the activities of the school of Rome both during the Justinian Age and in the two centuries thereafter. The aim of this essay is to verify whether Rome, during the very early Middle Ages, continued to represent a centre of juridical culture. According to the hypothesis developed in this contribution, Rome – at that time – not only played a very important role with regard to the material conservation of the Justinian’s libri legales, but also in the initial establishment of the new (i. e., Justinian) imperial law in the West and creation of its image as a significant juridical centre. The absence of such a centre as well as its wide-spread image would truly make the Bolognese renovatio appear "miraculous" and very difficult to explain.
After Justinian, the 7th and 8th centuries can truly be characterised as "silent" in the history of Roman law in the West. However, by studying the medieval manuscript tradition, in particular, that of the Institutiones and the Novellae, we can gather together a series of elements helping us to clarify the situation. Also quite useful is an examination of the manuscript tradition of the Collatio legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum. Through the spread and use of these Late Antique works, we can see how – in conjunction with the actions of the papacy – Rome, toward the end of the 8th century, returned to being a centre of world politics and – given that law follows politics – of the legal culture.
Cominciamo dalla fine. Il passo in cui Radulfus Niger racconta dell’intervento del misterioso Pepo o Pepone nel placito tenutosi in Lombardia alla presenza di Enrico IV è divenuto ormai famoso. Quanti si sforzano di gettare luce sulle origini del rinascimento giuridico medievale, lo hanno letto e riletto indagandone anche i minimi dettagli. Eppure, ogni ulteriore lettura di quel passo sembra proporre motivi di interesse e spunti di riflessione sempre nuovi. ...