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Rezension zu Karl August Varnhagen von Ense/Heinrich Düntzer: "durch Neigung und Eifer dem Goethe'schen Lebenskreis angehören": Briefwechsel 1842-1858. Herausgegeben von Berdt Tilp. Teil 1: Einführung und Text. Teil 2: Kommentar (Forschungen zum Junghegelianismus, hrsg. v. Konrad
Feilchenfeldt und Lars Lambrecht, Band 7), Peter Lang Europäischer Verlag der Wissenschaften, Frankfurt/Main 2002
Goethes Begegnung mit Hafis
(2013)
The starting point of the present article is the symbolism of Oriental literature and the one present in the work of the Persian poet Hafis, indicating its importance for the work Westöstlicher Divan (West-Eastern Divan) by J. W. Goethe. The author of the article explains Goethe’s fascination with poetic images and symbols found in the works of Hafis, showing the importance of his work in understanding the broadest cycle of poems within German literature, West-Eastern Divan.
This paper discusses a variant of German V2 declaratives sharing properties with both subordinate relative clauses and main clauses. I argue that modal subordination failure helps decide between two rivaling accounts for this construction. Thus, a hypotactic analysis involving syntactic variable sharing must be preferred over parataxis plus anaphora resolution. The scopal behavior of the construction will be derived from its 'proto-assertional force,' which it shares with similar 'embedded root' constructions.
A measurement of the transverse momentum spectra of jets in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=2.76 TeV is reported. Jets are reconstructed from charged particles using the anti-kT jet algorithm with jet resolution parameters R of 0.2 and 0.3 in pseudo-rapidity |η|<0.5. The transverse momentum pT of charged particles is measured down to 0.15 GeV/c which gives access to the low pT fragments of the jet. Jets found in heavy-ion collisions are corrected event-by-event for average background density and on an inclusive basis (via unfolding) for residual background fluctuations and detector effects. A strong suppression of jet production in central events with respect to peripheral events is observed. The suppression is found to be similar to the suppression of charged hadrons, which suggests that substantial energy is radiated at angles larger than the jet resolution parameter R=0.3 considered in the analysis. The fragmentation bias introduced by selecting jets with a high pT leading particle, which rejects jets with a soft fragmentation pattern, has a similar effect on the jet yield for central and peripheral events. The ratio of jet spectra with R=0.2 and R=0.3 is found to be similar in Pb-Pb and simulated PYTHIA pp events, indicating no strong broadening of the radial jet structure in the reconstructed jets with R<0.3.
Nosological delineation of congenital ocular motor apraxia type Cogan : an observational study
(2016)
Background: The nosological assignment of congenital ocular motor apraxia type Cogan (COMA) is still controversial. While regarded as a distinct entity by some authorities including the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man catalog of genetic disorders, others consider COMA merely a clinical symptom.
Methods: We performed a retrospective multicenter data collection study with re-evaluation of clinical and neuroimaging data of 21 previously unreported patients (8 female, 13 male, ages ranging from 2 to 24 years) diagnosed as having COMA.
Results: Ocular motor apraxia (OMA) was recognized during the first year of life and confined to horizontal pursuit in all patients. OMA attenuated over the years in most cases, regressed completely in two siblings, and persisted unimproved in one individual. Accompanying clinical features included early onset ataxia in most patients and cognitive impairment with learning disability (n = 6) or intellectual disability (n = 4). Re-evaluation of MRI data sets revealed a hitherto unrecognized molar tooth sign diagnostic for Joubert syndrome in 11 patients, neuroimaging features of Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome in one case and cerebral malformation suspicious of a tubulinopathy in another subject. In the remainder, MRI showed vermian hypo-/dysplasia in 4 and no abnormalities in another 4 patients. There was a strong trend to more severe cognitive impairment in patients with Joubert syndrome compared to those with inconclusive MRI, but otherwise no significant difference in clinical phenotypes between these two groups.
Conclusions: Systematical renewed analysis of neuroimaging data resulted in a diagnostic reappraisal in the majority of patients with early-onset OMA in the cohort reported here. This finding poses a further challenge to the notion of COMA constituting a separate entity and underlines the need for an expert assessment of neuroimaging in children with COMA, especially if they show cognitive impairment.
Two-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p–Pb collisions at a nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum range 0.7 < pT,assoc < pT,trig < 5.0 GeV/c is examined, to include correlations induced by jets originating from low momentum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range |η| < 0.9. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in high-multiplicity p–Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent fragmentation of multiple parton–parton scatterings, while the yield related to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton interactions even in the highest multiplicity p–Pb collisions. Further, the number scales only in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary nucleon–nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation.
Vorwort
(2004)
Am 22. März 1832 stirbt Goethe. Nicht nur sein Leben, auch seine literarische Produktion reicht bis in den Vormärz hinein (wenn man ihn denn mit der Juli-Revolution von 1830 beginnen sieht) und lässt die klassizistische Ästhetik der 1790er Jahre am Ende weit hinter sich: 'Faust II' wird im Juli 1831 abgeschlossen und 1832 veröffentlicht, die letzte Fassung von 'Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre' war 1829 erschienen. Doch Goethes Tod (und damit auch das definitive Ende seines literarischen Werks) ruft nicht nur Trauer über den Verlust des unerreichbaren "Titanen" und den nun für unabwendbar gehaltenen Niedergang der deutschsprachigen Literatur hervor, er setzt auch Hoffnungen auf einen jetzt endlich möglichen Neubeginn bei den jungen Autoren frei, die sich von Goethes olympischer Überlebensgröße allzusehr in den Schatten gestellt gefühlt hatten.
In die Vormärz-Phase fällt die beginnende Philologie moderner deutscher Klassiker, die zunächst als feuilletonistisch und universitärer Weihen nicht würdig verstanden wurde und daher vor allem Arbeitsfeld ambitionierter Lehrer war. Zeitgleich lief die Diskussion um die Validität des absoluten Idealismus und großenteils in diesem Kontext auch die um den Stellenwert des Christentums - oft verbunden mit der Hoffnung auf eine neue, die alten Glaubensinhalte mit der modernen Gesellschaft versöhnenden Reformation. In diesem Zusammenhang spielten Biographien eine nicht zu unterschätzende Rolle. Dass sich in der Moderne ein emphatisches Verhältnis zur Jugendphase mit ihrem Aufbegehren gegen die Elterngeneration, der Suche nach eigenen Lebensentwürfen und den damit auftretenden Konflikten ausgebildet habe - an der Biographik vor 1850 lässt sich dies schwerlich nachweisen, und dies gilt auch tendenziell für den Rest des Jahrhunderts. Das liegt nicht zuletzt an der oft lückenhaften Überlieferung, die kein kohärentes Bild entstehen lässt. Noch wichtiger ist, dass die Jugendphase - wie schon seit der antiken Biographik - bei großen Persönlichkeiten lediglich als Vorausdeutung dieser noch kommenden Größe verstanden wird, eine Phase, aus der man sich also möglichst schnell herausarbeiten muss. Anekdotisches, Einzelzeugnisse von Zeitzeugen aus der Umgebung des jeweiligen Helden müssen in der Regel ausreichen, die Jugendphase zu schildern. Dabei gewinnen Pedanterie und Strenge in Elternhaus und Schule geradezu topische Qualität: kaum ein Text, der ohne sie auskommt, aber zugleich wird das Aufbegehren dagegen eher gleichmütig geschildert, jedenfalls - weil von vorneherein klar ist, dass es sich um ephemere Phänomene handelt - nicht dramatisch ausgemalt.
Carma-1 is required for B cell receptor-/CD40- and T cell receptor-/CD28-induced B- and T-cell activation via JNK and NF-betaB. In B cells, Carma-1 becomes phosphorylated by PKCbeta, leading to its oligomerization. Subsequent Bcl10 binding induces IKKbeta-activation and, thereby, canonical NF-KB signalling. Despite these findings it is still unknown how exactly Carma-1 is connected to the plasma membrane and to the IKK-complex. Therefore, we purified Carma-1 complexes from mouse CH12 B cells using anti-Carma-1 affinity columns. Mass spectrometric analyses of the column eluates demonstrated the presence of Carma-1 as well as three previously uncharacterized adaptor proteins in B cells, one of which was the Trk-fused gene (Tfg), an adaptor protein containing PB1 and coiledcoil domains. Whereas Tfg was originally identified as fusion partner of oncogenic Trk tyrosine kinase mutants, the normal cellular homologue of Tfg has so far not been described in B cells. However, Tfg has been shown in other systems to interact with IKKgamma and to enhance TNFinduced NF-KB activation. Tfg and Carma-1 co-localized at the plasma membrane and perinuclear structures in B cells. We further corroborated the interactions of Tfg, IKKgamma and Carma-1 by Blue Native gel electrophoresis, where Carma-1 and Tfg formed a 0.7–1 MDa complex. Ectopic expression of Tfg increased the molecular mass of IKKgamma complexes, fused IKKgamma, Bcl10 and Carma-1 complexes to a ~2 MDa complex, and increased basal and CD40-induced canonical activity of NF-KB and IKKbeta. In contrast, shRNA-mediated silencing of Tfg decreased CD40-induced IKKbeta activity. Very interestingly, in primary B cells, highest expression of Tfg was detected in marginal zone and B1 B cells, and Carma-1 and Tfg formed complexes in these B cells. Since Carma-1 is required for marginal zone B cell and B1 B cell development, we suggest that a functional interaction between Carma-1 and Tfg contributes to development and maintenance of these cells by means of canonical NF-KB signals.
TRIANNI mice carry an entire set of human immunoglobulin V region gene segments and are a powerful tool to rapidly isolate human monoclonal antibodies. After immunizing these mice with DNA encoding the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and boosting with spike protein, we identified 29 hybridoma antibodies that reacted with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Nine antibodies neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infection at IC50 values in the subnanomolar range. ELISA-binding studies and DNA sequence analyses revealed one cluster of three clonally related neutralizing antibodies that target the receptor-binding domain and compete with the cellular receptor hACE2. A second cluster of six clonally related neutralizing antibodies bind to the N-terminal domain of the spike protein without competing with the binding of hACE2 or cluster 1 antibodies. SARS-CoV-2 mutants selected for resistance to an antibody from one cluster are still neutralized by an antibody from the other cluster. Antibodies from both clusters markedly reduced viral spread in mice transgenic for human ACE2 and protected the animals from SARS-CoV-2-induced weight loss. The two clusters of potent noncompeting SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies provide potential candidates for therapy and prophylaxis of COVID-19. The study further supports transgenic animals with a human immunoglobulin gene repertoire as a powerful platform in pandemic preparedness initiatives.