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A partially linear approach to modelling the dynamics of spot and futures prices
(2008)
- In this paper we consider the dynamics of spot and futures prices in the presence of arbitrage. We propose a partially linear error correction model where the adjustment coefficient is allowed to depend non-linearly on the lagged price difference. We estimate our model using data on the DAX index and the DAX futures contract. We find that the adjustment is indeed nonlinear. The linear alternative is rejected. The speed of price adjustment is increasing almost monotonically with the magnitude of the price difference. JEL Classification: C32; C14; G13; G14
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Competition between exchanges : Euronext versus Xetra
(2007)
- Exchanges in Europe are in a process of consolidation. After the failure of the proposed merger between Deutsche Börse and Euronext, these two groups are likely to become the nuclei for further mergers and co-operation with currently independent exchanges. A decision for one of the groups entails a decision for the respective trading platform. Against that background we evaluate the attractiveness of the two dominant continental European trading systems. Though both are anonymous electronic limit order books, there are important differences in the trading protocols. We use a matched-sample approach to compare execution costs in Euronext Paris and Xetra. We find that both quoted and effective spreads are lower in Xetra. When decomposing the spread we find no systematic differences in the adverse selection component. Realized spreads, on the other hand, are significantly higher in Euronext. Neither differences in the number of liquidity provision agreements nor differences in the minimum tick size or in the degree of domestic competition for order flow explain the different spread levels. We thus conclude that Xetra is the more efficient trading system. JEL Classification: G10, G15
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Investment performance and market share : a study of the German mutual fund industry
(2006)
- We study a set of German open-end mutual funds for a time period during which this industry emerged from its infancy. In those years, the distribution channel for mutual funds was dominated by the brick-and-mortar retail networks of the large universal banks. Using monthly observations from 12/1986 through 12/1998, we investigate if cross-sectional return differences across mutual funds affect their market shares. Although such a causal relation has been established in highly competitive markets, such as the United States, the rigid distribution system in place in Germany at the time may have caused retail performance and investment performance to uncouple. In fact, although we observe stark differences in investment performance across mutual funds (and over time), we find no evidence that cross-sectional performance differences affect the market shares of these funds. Klassifikation: G 23
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Who knows what when? : The information content of pre-IPO market prices
(2002)
- To resolve the IPO underpricing puzzle it is essential to analyze who knows what when during the issuing process. In Germany, broker-dealers make a market in IPOs during the subscription period. We examine these pre-issue prices and find that they are highly informative. They are closer to the first price subsequently established on the exchange than both the midpoint of the bookbuilding range and the offer price. The pre-issue prices explain a large part of the underpricing left unexplained by other variables. The results imply that information asymmetries are much lower than the observed variance of underpricing suggests. JEL classification: G10, G14, G24
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Who knows what when? : The information content of pre-IPO market prices
(2004)
- To resolve the IPO underpricing puzzle it is essential to analyze who knows what when during the issuing process. In Germany, broker-dealers make a market in IPOs during the subscription period. We examine these pre-issue prices and find that they are highly informative. They are closer to the first price subsequently established on the exchange than both the midpoint of the bookbuilding range and the offer price. The pre-issue prices explain a large part of the underpricing left unexplained by other variables. The results imply that information asymmetries are much lower than the observed variance of underpricing suggests. JEL classification: G10, G14, G24
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Organized equity markets in Germany
(2003)
- The German financial system is the archetype of a bank-dominated system. This implies that organized equity markets are, in some sense, underdeveloped. The purpose of this paper is, first, to describe the German equity markets and, second, to analyze whether it is underdeveloped in any meaningful sense. In the descriptive part we provide a detailed account of the microstructure of the German equity markets, putting special emphasis on recent developments. When comparing the German market with its peers, we find that it is indeed underdeveloped with respect to market capitalization. In terms of liquidity, on the other hand, the German equity market is not generally underdeveloped. It does, however, lack a liquid market for block trading. Klassifikation: G 51 . Revised version forthcoming in "The German Financial System", edited by Jan P. Krahnen and Reinhard H. Schmidt, Oxford University Press. This version March 2003.
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Messung individueller Risikoeinstellungen
(1997)
- Es werden verschiedene Methoden zur Messung der Risikoeinstellung einzelner Individuen vorgestellt und kritisch diskutiert. Berücksichtigt werden unter anderem Selbsteinschätzungen und experimentell orientierte Verfahren. Die Zusammenstellung wendet sich insbesondere an Wissenschaftler und Praktiker, die nach anwendbaren Verfahren zur Risikoeinstellungsmessung suchen.
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Performance and market share : evidence from the German mutual fund industry
(1997)
- In this paper we analyze the relation between fund performance and market share. Using three performance measures we first establish that significant differences in the risk-adjusted returns of the funds in the sample exist. Thus, investors may react to past fund performance when making their investment decisions. We estimated a model relating past performance to changes in market share and found that past performance has a significant positive effect on market share. The results of a specification test indicate that investors react to risk-adjusted returns rather than to raw returns. This suggests that investors may be more sophisticated than is often assumed. Klassifikation: G11, G23. First version - May 1997
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Banken, bankeigene Kapitalanlagegesellschaften und Aktienemissionen
(1998)
- Es gibt Überlegungen, Kreditinstituten den Besitz der Anteilsmehrheit an Kapitalanlagegesellschaften (KAGs) zu untersagen. Dahinter steht die Vorstellung, daß solche Beteiligungen Gestaltungsspielräume eröffnen, die mißbräuchlich genutzt werden. Die Neuemission von Aktien ist einer der Fälle, die in diesem Zusammenhang erörtert werden. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es zu prüfen, ob die zum Konzernverbund einer konsortialführenden Bank gehörenden KAGs bei Erstemissionen anders behandelt werden als andere KAGs. Untersucht werden 46 Neuemissionen der Jahre 1994 bis 1997. Daten über von den Fonds erworbene Aktien wurden den Rechenschafts- und Halbjahresberichten entnommen. Im Durchschnitt erwerben die untersuchten Fonds etwa 7% der emittierten Aktien. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Höhe des Anteilserwerbs und der nachfolgend realisierten Rendite kann nicht nachgewiesen werden. Die der jeweils konsortialführenden Bank zuzuordnenden Fonds erwerben mehr Anteile an einer Neuemission, wenn die ihnen zugeordnete Bank bei der Emission als Konsortialführerin auftritt. Eine Vorhersagbarkeit in dem Sinne, daß der Anteilserwerb in Beziehung zu der nachfolgend realisierten Rendite stünde, kann nicht festgestellt werden. Zudem ergeben sich keine Anhaltspunkte dafür, daß KAGs bei schlechtem Renditeverlauf der Neuemissionen Kurspflegeaufgaben übernehmen. Insgesamt deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, daß die KAGs in ihren Anlageentscheidungen unabhängig sind, und daß keine mißbräuchliche Nutzung eventuell vorhandener Informationsvorsprünge vorliegt. Allerdings ist die Datenbasis, bedingt durch die Vorschriften über die Rechnungslegung der Fonds, unbefriedigend. Es wäre daher zu überlegen, den Fonds stringentere Berichtspflichten aufzuerlegen.
