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Within the central European opilionid fauna the widely used species names Leiobunum rupestre Herbst, 1799 and Leiobunum tisciae Avram, 1968 pose taxonomic and distributional problems. In addition, Nelima apenninica Martens, 1969 is close to L. tisciae in terms of external and genital morphology, but is specifically distinct. While coxal denticulation is largely lacking in N. apenninica, the validity of the genus Nelima Roewer, 1910 is questioned again. In addition, Leiobunum subalpinum Komposch, 1998, a recently described novelty from the eastern Alps, is closely related to L. rupestre. The four species are combined as the morphologically defined Leiobunum rupestre species group. Except for L. subalpinum, they were found to be allopatrically distributed from the Carpathians across central and Northwest Europe to the south-western Alps. The latter species is locally sympatric and partly elevationally parapatric to L. rupestre. Leiobunum tisciae is a recently introduced name and here recognized as a junior synonym of a number of taxa described much earlier, of which L. gracile Thorell, 1876 is re-introduced as oldest available name. Detailed morphological and distributional data for all taxa are presented.
Erstmals wird hiermit eine Rote Liste der Weberknechte vorgelegt, die sich auf das vereinigte Deutschland bezieht. Die beiden ersten Fassungen der Roten Liste (MARTENS 1977, 1984) waren auf die BRD in ihren alten Grenzen beschränkt; in der DDR gab es ein entsprechendes Verzeichnis nicht. Wegen des veränderten territorialen Bezuges und des besseren faunistischen Kenntnisstandes waren gegenüber der vorhergehenden Liste Veränderungen in den Einstufungen der Arten erforderlich. Sie ergaben sich z.T. zwangsläufig mit den aktuellen Definitionen für die Gefährdungskategorien bzw. den neu eingeführten Rubriken "R" (Arten mit geographischer Restriktion) und ,,u" (Arten, deren Gefährdungsstatus unsicher ist).
The Iberian Peninsula represents a diversity hotspot for the genus Dicranopalpus. However, most taxa are insufficiently defined. Our revision of the Dicranopalpus pyrenaeus species group reveals two hidden species: D. catariegensis sp. nov. and D. gallaecicus sp. nov. Two species, D. pyrenaeus from the Spanish and French Pyrenees and D. insignipalpis from Corsica, are redescribed. Dicranopalpus cantabricus Dresco, 1953 is resurrected as a valid species. Three new synonyms of D. martini (Simon, 1878) are proposed: Fagea bolivari Dresco, 1949 (including D. bolivari sensu Rambla 1975), Egaenasser extraordinarius Roewer, 1953 and Dicranopalpus dispar Rambla, 1967. With these additions, the Iberian Peninsula harbours four species of the Dicranopalpus pyrenaeus species group. They largely have allopatric distributions, ranging from the Pyrenees and the Cantabrian mountain range to the west coast of Galicia.
Songs in passerine birds are important for territory defense and mating. Speciation rates in oscine passerines are so high, due to cultural evolution, that this bird lineage makes up half of the extant bird species. Leaf warblers are a speciose Old-World passerine family of limited morphological differentiation, so that songs are even more important for species delimitation. We took 16 sonographic traits from song recordings of 80 leaf warbler taxa and correlated them with 15 potentially explanatory variables, pairwise, and in linear models. Based on a well-resolved molecular phylogeny of the same taxa, all pairwise correlations were corrected for relatedness with phylogenetically independent contrasts and phylogenetic generalized linear models were used. We found a phylogenetic signal for most song traits, but a strong one only for the duration of the longest and of the shortest element, which are presumably inherited instead of learned. Body size of a leaf warbler species is a constraint on song frequencies independent of phylogeny. At least in this study, habitat density had only marginal impact on song features, which even disappeared through phylogenetic correction. Maybe most leaf warblers avoid the deterioration through sound propagation in dense vegetation by singing from exposed perches. Latitudinal (and longitudinal) extension of the breeding ranges was correlated with most song features, especially verse duration (longer polewards and westwards) and complexity (lower polewards). Climate niche or expansion history might explain these correlations. The number of different element types per verse decreases with elevation, possibly due to fewer resources and congeneric species at higher elevations.
Diesem Bericht über die im Jahre 2006 aufgestellten Vogeltaxa liegt erneut eine umfangreiche Literaturrecherche zugrunde. Uns sind die Beschreibungen von drei neuen Gattungen, sieben neuen Arten und neun neuen Unterarten bekannt geworden. Für eine Gattung musste ein Ersatzname eingeführt werden. Neue Gattungen wurden für zwei neuweltliche und eine asiatische Sperlingsvogelgruppen aufgestellt, der Ersatzname bezieht sich auf eine neotropische Papageienart. Auf Artgruppenniveau stehen 7 Non-Passeres (3 Arten/4 Unterarten, darunter jeweils zwei neue Papageienarten bzw. -unterarten) neun Passeriformes (4/5) gegenüber. Auch in diesem Jahr wurden im hier behandelten Berichtszeitraum die meisten neuen Taxa aus Südamerika beschrieben (2/5), gefolgt von Asien (2/1), Afrika einschließlich der Maskarenen (1/1), Ozeanien (1/0) und der Paläarktis (0/2); eine der neuen Arten basiert auf einem alten Museumsbalg unbekannter Herkunft. Die neuen Arten gehören zu den Papageien (S-Amerika, Philippinen), Eulen (eine Art unbekannter Herkunft), Timalien (indischer Himalaya), Seidensänger (südlicher Pazifik), Bürzelstelzer (Brasilien) und Lappenschnäpper (tropisches Afrika). Für die Pakäarktische und die Indomalayische Region erfassen wir auch die Aufspaltungen bereits bekannter Arten in Tochterarten, zumeist Allospzies. Sie verändern gegenwärtig das Bild der Vogel- Diversität weltweit besonders nachhaltig.
This report is the third of a series and presents the results of a comprehensive literature screening in search for new bird taxa described in 2007, namely new genera, species and subspecies worldwide. We tracked three new genera, seven new species, 135 subspecies new to science, which according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature were correctly described. New genera were erected for species or species groups of the frogmouths (Podargidae), ovenbirds (Furnariidae) and buntings/ new world sparrows (Emberizidae). Six of the new species belong to the Passeriformes and only one, a hummingbird, to the Non-Passeriformes. In a zoogeographic context one new genus, six new species and one new subspecies originate from South and Central America, again including a tapaculo (Scytalopus) species. The remainder of the taxa were described from North America and the Caribbean (1/0/133), Asia (0/0/1) and Oceania (1/1/0). A monograph published in 2006 presenting 26 new subspecies of a single North American goose species came to our attention too late to be discussed in the last report; the details are provided here. A number of splits — namely those of known species into allospecies, which in most cases result in geographic representatives of a superspecies — are also addressed. But we restrict the treatment of these splits to the Palearctic and Indomalayan Regions. We suggest possible flaws in new descriptions and certain splits, regardless of the species concept addressed. However, in general this report should be taken as a documentation of new taxa, not as a critical review of recent changes in bird taxonomy and bird descriptions.