OPUS 4 | Search

Measurement of charged jet suppression in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV (2014)

B. Abelev J. Adam D. Adamová M. M. Aggarwal G. Aglieri Rinella M. Agnello A.i G. Agocs A. Agostinelli N. Agrawal Z. Ahammed N. Ahmad A. Ahmad Masoodi I. Ahmed S. U. Ahn S. A. Ahn I. Aimo S. Aiola M. Ajaz A. Akindinov D. Aleksandrov B. Alessandro D. Alexandre A. Alici A. Alkin J. Alme T. Alt V. Altini S. Altinpinar I. Altsybeev C. Alves Garcia Prado C. Andrei A. Andronic V. Anguelov J. Anielski T. Antičić F. Antinori P. Antonioli L. Aphecetche Harald Appelshäuser N. Arbor S. Arcelli N. Armesto R. Arnaldi T. Aronsson I. C. Arsene M. Arslandok A. Augustinus R. Averbeck T. C. Awes M. D. Azmi M. Bach A. Badalà Y. W. Baek S. Bagnasco R. Bailhache V. Bairathi R. Bala A. Baldisseri F. Baltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa J. Bán R. C. Baral R. Barbera F. Barile G. G. Barnaföldi L. S. Barnby V. Barret J. Bartke M. Basile N. Bastid S. Basu B. Bathen G. Batigne B. Batyunya P. C. Batzing C. Baumann I. G. Bearden H. Beck C. Bedda N. K. Behera I. Belikov F. Bellini R. Bellwied E. Belmont-Moreno G. Bencedi S. Beole I. Berceanu G. G. Barnaföldi L. S. Barnby V. Barret J. Bartke M. Basile N. Bastid S. Basu B. Bathen G. Batigne B. Batyunya P. C. Batzing C. Baumann I. G. Bearden H. Beck C. Bedda N. K. Behera I. Belikov F. Bellini R. Bellwied E. Belmont-Moreno G. Bencedi S. Beole I. Berceanu M. Bogolyubsky L. Boldizsár M. Bombara J. Book H. Borel A. Borissov J. Bornschein F. Bossú M. Botje E. Botta S. Böttger P. Braun-Munzinger M. Bregant T. Breitner T. A. Broker T. A. Browning M. Broz E. Bruna G. E. Bruno D. Budnikov H. Buesching S. Bufalino P. Buncic O. Busch Z. Buthelezi D. Caffarri X. Cai H. Caines A. Caliva E. Calvo Villar P. Camerini V. Canoa Roman F. Carena W. Carena F. Carminati A. Casanova Díaz J. Castillo Castellanos E. A. R. Casula V. Catanescu C. Cavicchioli C. Ceballos Sanchez J. Cepila P. Cerello B. Chang S. Chapeland J. L. Charvet S. Chattopadhyay S. Chattopadhyay M. Cherney C. Cheshkov B. Cheynis V. Chibante Barroso D. D. Chinellato P. Chochula M. Chojnacki S. Choudhury P. Christakoglou C. H. Christensen P. Christiansen T. Chujo S. U. Chung C. Cicalo L. Cifarelli F. Cindolo J. Cleymans F. Colamaria D. Colella A. Collu M. Colocci G. Conesa Balbastre Z. Conesa del Valle M. E. Connors G. Contin J. G. Contreras T. M. Cormier Y. Corrales Morales P. Cortese I. Cortés Maldonado M. R. Cosentino F. Costa P. Crochet R. Cruz Albino E. Cuautle L. Cunqueiro A. Dainese R. Dang A. Danu D. Das I. Das K. Das S. Das A. Dash S. Dash S. De H. Delagrange A. Deloff E. Dénes G. D’Erasmo G. O. V. de Barros A. De Caro G. de Cataldo J. de Cuveland A. De Falco D. De Gruttola N. De Marco S. De Pasquale R. de Rooij M. A. Diaz Corchero T. Dietel R. Divià D. Di Bari S. Di Liberto A. Di Mauro P. Di Nezza Ø. Djuvsland A. Dobrin T. Dobrowolski D. Domenicis Gimenez B. Dönigus O. Dordic S. Dorheim A. K. Dubey A. Dubla L. Ducroux P. Dupieux A. K. Dutta Majumdar D. Elia H. Engel B. Erazmus H. A. Erdal D. Eschweiler B. Espagnon M. Estienne S. Esumi D. Evans S. Evdokimov G. Eyyubova D. Fabris J. Faivre D. Falchieri A. Fantoni M. Fasel D. Fehlker L. Feldkamp D. Felea A. Feliciello G. Feofilov J. Ferencei A. Fernández Téllez E. G. Ferreiro A. Ferretti A. Festanti J. Figiel M. A. S. Figueredo S. Filchagin D. Finogeev F. M. Fionda E. M. Fiore E. Floratos M. Floris S. Foertsch P. Foka S. Fokin E. Fragiacomo A. Francescon U. Frankenfeld U. Fuchs C. Furget M. Fusco Girard J. J. Gaardhøje M. Gagliardi M. Gallio D. R. Gangadharan P. Ganoti C. Garabatos E. Garcia-Solis C. Gargiulo I. Garishvili J. Gerhard M. Germain A. Gheata M. Gheata B. Ghidini P. Ghosh S.K. Ghosh P. Gianotti P. Giubellino E. Gladysz-Dziadus P. Glässel R. Gomez P. González-Zamora S. Gorbunov L. Görlich S. Gotovac L. K. Graczykowski R. Grajcarek A. Grelli A. Grigoras C. Grigoras V. Grigoriev A. Grigoryan S. Grigoryan B. Grinyov N. Grion J. F. Grosse-Oetringhaus J.-Y. Grossiord R. Grosso F. Guber R. Guernane B. Guerzoni M. Guilbaud K. Gulbrandsen H. Gulkanyan T. Gunji A. Gupta R. Gupta K. H. Khan R. Haake Ø. Haaland C. Hadjidakis M. Haiduc H. Hamagaki G. Hamar L. D. Hanratty A. Hansen John W. Harris H. Hartmann A. Harton D. Hatzifotiadou S. Hayashi A. Hayrapetyan S. T. Heckel M. Heide H. Helstrup A. Herghelegiu G. Herrera Corral B. A. Hess K. F. Hetland B. Hicks B. Hippolyte J. Hladky P. Hristov M. Huang T. J. Humanic D. Hutter D. S. Hwang J.-C. Ianigro R. Ilkaev I. Ilkiv M. Inaba E. Incani G. M. Innocenti C. Ionita M. Ippolitov M. Irfan M. Ivanov V. Ivanov O. Ivanytskyi A. Jacholkowski C. Jahnke H. J. Jang M. A. Janik P. H. S. Y. Jayarathna S. Jena R. T. Jimenez Bustamante P. G. Jones H. Jung A. Jusko S. Kalcher P. Kalinak A. Kalweit J. Kamin J. H. Kang V. Kaplin S. Kar A. Karasu Uysal O. Karavichev T. Karavicheva E. Karpechev U. Kebschull R. Keidel B. Ketzer M. Mohisin Khan P. Khan S. A. Khan A. Khanzadeev Y. Kharlov B. Kileng B. Kim D. W. Kim D. J. Kim J. S. Kim M. Kim M. Kim S. Kim T. Kim S. Kirsch I. Kisel S. Kiselev A. Kisiel G. Kiss J. L. Klay J. Klein C. Klein-Bösing A. Kluge M. L. Knichel A. G. Knospe C. Kobdaj M. K. Köhler Thorsten Kollegger A. Kolojvari V. Kondratiev N. Kondratyeva A. Konevskikh V. Kovalenko M. Kowalski S. Kox G. Koyithatta Meethaleveedu J. Kral I. Králik F. Kramer A. Kravčáková M. Krelina M. Kretz M. Krivda F. Krizek M. Krus E. Kryshen M. Krzewicki V. Kučera Y. Kucheriaev T. Kugathasan C. Kuhn P. G. Kuijer I. Kulakov J. Kumar P. Kurashvili A. Kurepin A. B. Kurepin A. Kuryakin S. Kushpil V. Kushpil M. J. Kweon Y. Kwon P. Ladron de Guevara C. Lagana Fernandes I. Lakomov R. Langoy C. Lara A. Lardeux A. Lattuca S. L. La Pointe P. La Rocca R. Lea G. R. Lee I. Legrand J. Lehnert R. C. Lemmon M. Lenhardt V. Lenti E. Leogrande M. Leoncino I. León Monzón P. Lévai S. Li J. Lien R. Lietava S. Lindal V. Lindenstruth C. Lippmann M. A. Lisa H. M. Ljunggren D. F. Lodato P. I. Loenne V. R. Loggins V. Loginov D. Lohner C. Loizides X. Lopez E. López Torres X.-G. Lu P. Luettig M. Lunardon J. Luo G. Luparello C. Luzzi A. M. Gago P. M. Jacobs R. Ma A. Maevskaya M. Mager D. P. Mahapatra A. Maire M. Malaev I. Maldonado Cervantes L. Malinina D. Mal’Kevich P. Malzacher A. Mamonov L. Manceau V. Manko F. Manso V. Manzari M. Marchisone J. Mareš G. V. Margagliotti A. Margotti A. Marín C. Markert M. Marquard I. Martashvili N. A. Martin P. Martinengo M. I. Martínez G. Martínez García J. Martin Blanco Y. Martynov A. Mas S. Masciocchi M. Masera A. Masoni L. Massacrier A. Mastroserio A. Matyja C. Mayer J. Mazer R. Mazumder M. A. Mazzoni F. Meddi A. Menchaca-Rocha J. Mercado Pérez M. Meres Y. Miake K. Mikhaylov L. Milano J. Milosevic A. Mischke A. N. Mishra Dariusz Miśkowiec C. M. Mitu J. Mlynarz B. Mohanty L. Molnar L. Montaño Zetina E. Montes M. Morando D. A. Moreira De Godoy S. Moretto A. Morreale A. Morsch V. Muccifora E. Mudnic S. Muhuri M. Mukherjee H. Müller M. G. Munhoz S. Murray L. Musa J. Musinsky B. K. Nandi R. Nania E. Nappi C. Nattrass T. K. Nayak S. Nazarenko A. Nedosekin M. Nicassio M. Niculescu B. S. Nielsen S. Nikolaev S. Nikulin V. Nikulin B. S. Nilsen F. Noferini P. Nomokonov G. Nooren A. Nyanin A. Nyatha J. Nystrand Helmut Oeschler S. Oh S. K. Oh A. Okatan L. Olah J. Oleniacz A. C. Oliveira Da Silva J. Onderwaater C. Oppedisano A. Ortiz Velasquez A. Oskarsson J. Otwinowski K. Oyama Y. Pachmayer M. Pachr P. Pagano G. Paić F. Painke C. Pajares S. K. Pal A. Palmeri D. Pant V. Papikyan G. S. Pappalardo W. J. Park A. Passfeld D. I. Patalakha V. Paticchio B. Paul T. Pawlak T. Peitzmann H. Pereira Da Costa E. Pereira De Oliveira Filho D. Peresunko C. E. Pérez Lara W. Peryt A. Pesci Y. Pestov V. Petráček M. Petran M. Petris M. Petrovici C. Petta S. Piano M. Pikna P. Pillot O. Pinazza L. Pinsky D. B. Piyarathna M. Ploskon M. Planinic J. Pluta S. Pochybova P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma M. G. Poghosyan E. H. O. Pohjoisaho B. Polichtchouk N. Poljak A. Pop S. Porteboeuf-Houssais J. Porter V. Pospisil B. Potukuchi S. K. Prasad R. Preghenella F. Prino C. A. Pruneau I. Pshenichnov G. Puddu P. Pujahari V. Punin J. Putschke H. Qvigstad A. Rachevski S. Raha J. Rak A. Rakotozafindrabe L. Ramello R. Raniwala S. Raniwala S. S. Räsänen B. T. Rascanu D. Rathee A. W. Rauf V. Razazi K. F. Read J. S. Real K. Redlich R. J. Reed A. Rehman P. Reichelt M. Reicher F. Reidt Rainer Ernst Arno Renfordt A. R. Reolon A. Reshetin F. Rettig J.-P. Revol K. Reygers V. Riabov R. A. Ricci T. Richert M. Richter P. Riedler W. Riegler F. Riggi A. Rivetti E. Rocco M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi A. Rodriguez Manso K. Røed E. Rogochaya S. Rohni D. Rohr D. Röhrich R. Romita F. Ronchetti L. Ronflette P. Rosnet S. Rossegger A. Rossi A. Roy C. Roy P. Roy A. J. Rubio Montero R. Rui R. Russo E. Ryabinkin Y. Ryabov A. Rybicki S. Sadovsky K. Šafařík B. Sahlmuller R. Sahoo P. K. Sahu J. Saini C. A. Salgado J. Salzwedel S. Sambyal V. Samsonov X. Sanchez Castro F. J. Sánchez Rodríguez L. Šándor Andres Sandoval M. Sano G. Santagati D. Sarkar E. Scapparone F. Scarlassara R. P. Scharenberg C. Schiaua R. Schicker C. Schmidt H. R. Schmidt S. Schuchmann J. Schukraft M. Schulc T. Schuster Y. Schutz K. Schwarz K. Schweda G. Scioli E. Scomparin P. A. Scott R. Scott G. Segato J. E. Seger I. Selyuzhenkov J. Seo E. Serradilla A. Sevcenco A. Shabetai G. Shabratova R. Shahoyan A. Shangaraev N. Sharma S. Sharma K. Shigaki K. Shtejer Y. Sibiriak S. Siddhanta T. Siemiarczuk D. Silvermyr C. Silvestre G. Simatovic R. Singaraju R. Singh S. Singha V. Singhal B. C. Sinha T. Sinha B. Sitar M. Sitta T. B. Skaali K. Skjerdal R. Smakal N. Smirnov R. J. M. Snellings C. Søgaard R. Soltz J. Song M. Song F. Soramel S. Sorensen M. Spacek I. Sputowska M. Spyropoulou-Stassinaki B. K. Srivastava J. Stachel I. Stan G. Stefanek M. Steinpreis E. Stenlund G. Steyn J. H. Stiller D. Stocco M. Stolpovskiy P. Strmen A. A. P. Suaide M. A. Subieta Vasquez T. Sugitate C. Suire M. Suleymanov R. Sultanov M. Šumbera T. Susa T. J. M. Symons A. Szanto de Toledo I. Szarka A. Szczepankiewicz M. Szymanski J. Takahashi M. A. Tangaro J. D. Tapia Takaki A. Tarantola Peloni A. Tarazona Martinez A. Tauro G. Tejeda Muñoz A. Telesca C. Terrevoli A. Ter Minasyan J. Thäder D. Thomas R. Tieulent A. R. Timmins A. Toia H. Torii V. Trubnikov W. H. Trzaska T. Tsuji A. Tumkin R. Turrisi T. S. Tveter J. Ulery K. Ullaland J. Ulrich A. Uras G. L. Usai M. Vajzer M. Vala L. Valencia Palomo S. Vallero P. Vande Vyvre L. Vannucci J. W. Van Hoorne M. van Leeuwen A. Vargas R. Varma M. Vasileiou A. Vasiliev V. Vechernin M. Veldhoen M. Venaruzzo E. Vercellin S. Vergara Limón R. Vernet M. Verweij L. Vickovic G. Viesti J. Viinikainen Z. Vilakazi O. Villalobos Baillie A. Vinogradov L. Vinogradov Y. Vinogradov T. Virgili Y. P. Viyogi A. Vodopyanov M. A. Völkl K. Voloshin S. A. Voloshin G. Volpe B. von Haller I. Vorobyev D. Vranic J. Vrláková B. Vulpescu A. Vyushin B. Wagner J. Wagner V. Wagner M. Wang Y. Wang D. Watanabe M. Weber J. P. Wessels U. Westerhoff J. Wiechula J. Wikne M. Wilde G. Wilk J. Wilkinson M. C. S. Williams B. Windelband M. Winn C. Xiang C. G. Yaldo Y. Yamaguchi H. Yang P. Yang S. Yang S. Yano S. Yasnopolskiy J. Yi Z. Yin I.-K. Yoo I. Yushmanov V. Zaccolo C. Zach A. Zaman C. Zampolli S. Zaporozhets A. Zarochentsev P. Závada N. Zaviyalov H. Zbroszczyk I. S. Zgura M. Zhalov F. Zhang H. Zhang X. Zhang Y. Zhang C. Zhao D. Zhou F. Zhou Y. Zhou H. Zhu J. Zhu J. Zhu X. Zhu A. Zichichi A. Zimmermann M. B. Zimmermann G. Zinovjev Y. Zoccarato M. Zynovyev M. Zyzak

A measurement of the transverse momentum spectra of jets in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=2.76 TeV is reported. Jets are reconstructed from charged particles using the anti-kT jet algorithm with jet resolution parameters R of 0.2 and 0.3 in pseudo-rapidity |η|<0.5. The transverse momentum pT of charged particles is measured down to 0.15 GeV/c which gives access to the low pT fragments of the jet. Jets found in heavy-ion collisions are corrected event-by-event for average background density and on an inclusive basis (via unfolding) for residual background fluctuations and detector effects. A strong suppression of jet production in central events with respect to peripheral events is observed. The suppression is found to be similar to the suppression of charged hadrons, which suggests that substantial energy is radiated at angles larger than the jet resolution parameter R=0.3 considered in the analysis. The fragmentation bias introduced by selecting jets with a high pT leading particle, which rejects jets with a soft fragmentation pattern, has a similar effect on the jet yield for central and peripheral events. The ratio of jet spectra with R=0.2 and R=0.3 is found to be similar in Pb-Pb and simulated PYTHIA pp events, indicating no strong broadening of the radial jet structure in the reconstructed jets with R<0.3.

Pion interferometry in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=200GeV (2005)

J. Adams M. M. Aggarwal Z. Ahammed J. Amonett Thorsten Kollegger B. D. Anderson D. Arkhipkin G. S. Averichev S. K. Badyal Y. Bai J. Balewski O. Barannikova L. S. Barnby J. Baudot S. Bekele V. V. Belaga R. Bellwied Jens Berger B. I. Bezverkhny S. Bharadwa A. Bhasin A. K. Bhati V. S. Bhatia H. Bichsel A. Billmeier L. C. Bland C. O. Blyth B. E. Bonner M. Botje A. Boucham A. V. Brandin A. Bravar M. Bystersky R. V. Cadman X. Z. Cai H. Caines Manuel Calderón de la Barca Sánchez J. Castillo D. Cebra Z. Chajecki P. Chaloupka S. Chattopadhyay H. F. Chen Y. Chen J. Cheng M. Cherney A. Chikanian W. Christie J. P. Cofﬁn T. M. Cormier J. G. Cramer H. J. Crawford D. Das S. Das M. M. de Moura A. A. Derevschikov L. Didenko Thomas Dietel S. M. Dogra W. J. Dong X. Dong J. E. Draper F. Du A. K. Dubey V. B. Dunin J. C. Dunlop M. R. Dutta Mazumdar V. Eckardt W. R. Edwards L. G. Eﬁmov V. Emelianov J. Engelage G. Eppley B. Erazmus M. Estienne P. Fachini J. Faivre R. Fatemi J. Fedorisin K. Filimonov P. Filip E. Finch V. Fine Y. Fisyak K. Fomenko O. Grebenyuk D. Grosnick S. M. Guertin Y. Guo A. Gupta T. D. Gutierrez T. J. Hallman A. Hamed D. Hardtke J. W. Harris M. Heinz T. W. Henry S. Hepplemann B. Hippolyte A. Hirsch E. Hjort G. W. Hoffmann H. Z. Huang S. L. Huang E. W. Hughes T. J. Humanic G. Igo A. Ishihara P. Jacobs W.W. Jacobs M. Janik H. Jiang P. G. Jones E. G. Judd S. Kabana K. Kang M. Kaplan D. Keane V. Yu. Khodyrev J. Kiryluk A. Kisiel E. M. Kislov J. Klay S. R. Klein A. Klyachko D. D. Koetke T. Kollegger M. Kopytine L. Kotchenda M. Kramer P. Kravtsov V. I. Kravtsov K. Krueger C. Kuhn A.I. Kulikov A. Kumar R.Kh. Kutuev A.A. Kuznetsov M.A.C. Lamont J.M. Landgraf Jens Sören Lange F. Laue J. Lauret A. Lebedev R. Lednicky S. Lehocka M. J. LeVine C. Li Q. Li Y. Li G. Lin S. J. Lindenbaum M.A. Lisa F. Liu L. Liu Q.J. Liu Z. Liu T. Ljubicic W.J. Llope H. Long R.S. Longacre M. López Noriega W. A. Love Y. Lu T. Ludlam D. Lynn G. L. Ma J. G. Ma Y. G. Ma D. Magestro S. Mahajan D. P. Mahapatra R. Majka L. K. Mangotra R. Manweiler S. Margetis C. Markert L. Martin J. N. Marx H. S. Matis Yu. A. Matulenko C. J. McClain T. S. McShane F. Meissner Yu. Melnick A. Meschanin M. L. Miller N. G. Minaev C. Mironov A. Mischke D. K. Mishra J. Mitchell B. Mohanty L. Molnar C. F. Moore D. A. Morozov M. G. Munhoz B. K. Nandi S. K. Nayak T. K. Nayak J. M. Nelson P. K. Netrakanti V. A. Nikitin L. V. Nogach S. B. Nurushev G. Odyniec A. Ogawa V. Okorokov M. Oldenburg D. Olson S. K. Pal Y. Panebratsev S. Y. Panitkin A. I. Pavlinov T. Pawlak T. Peitzmann J. Pluta N. Porile J. Porter A. M. Poskanzer M. Potekhin E. Potrebenikova B. V. K. S. Potukuchi D. Prindle C. Pruneau J. Putschke G. Rakness R. Raniwala S. Raniwala O. Ravel R. L. Ray S. V. Razin D. Reichhold J. G. Reid G. Renault F. Retiere A. Ridiger H. G. Ritter J. B. Roberts O. V. Rogachevskiy J. L. Romero A. Rose C. Roy L. Ruan R. Sahoo I. Sakrejda S. Salur J. Sandweiss I. Savin P. S. Sazhin J. Schambach R. P. Scharenberg N. Schmitz K. Schweda J. Seger P. Seyboth E. Shahaliev M. Shao W. Shao M. Sharma W. Q. Shen K. E. Shestermanov S. S. Shimanskiy E Sichtermann F. Simon R. N. Singaraju G. Skoro N. Smirnov R. Snellings G. Sood P. Sorensen J. Sowinski J. Speltz H. M. Spinka B. Srivastava A. Stadnik A. Stadnik T. D. S. Stanislaus R. Stock Reinhard Stock A. Stolpovsky M. Strikhanov B. Stringfellow A. A. P. Suaide E. Sugarbaker C. Suire M. Sumbera B. Surrow T. J. M. Symons Alejandro Szanto de Toledo P. Szarwas A. Tai J. Takahashi A. H. Tang T. Tarnowsky D. Thein J. H. Thomas S. Timoshenko M. Tokarev T. A. Trainor S. Trentalange R. E. Tribble O. D. Tsai J. Ulery T. Ullrich D. G. Underwood A. Urkinbaev G. Van Buren H. Ward J. W. Watson J. C. Webb R. Wells G. D. Westfall A. Wetzler C. Whitten H. Wieman S. W. Wissink R. Witt J. Wood J. Wu N. Xu Z. Xu Z. Z. Xu E. Yamamoto P. Yepes V. I. Yurevich Y. V. Zanevsky H. Zhang W. M. Zhang Z. P. Zhang P. A. Zolnierczuk R. Zoulkarneev Y. Zoulkarneeva A. N. Zubarev M. van Leeuwen A. M. Vander Molen R. Varma I. M. Vasilevski A. N. Vasiliev R. Verne S. E. Vigdor Y. P. Viyogi S. Vokal S. A. Voloshin M. Vznuzdaev W. T. Waggoner F. Wang G. Wang X. L. Wang Y. Wang Y. Wang Z. M. Wang

We present a systematic analysis of two-pion interferometry in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=200GeV using the STAR detector at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. We extract the Hanbury-Brown and Twiss radii and study their multiplicity, transverse momentum, and azimuthal angle dependence. The Gaussianness of the correlation function is studied. Estimates of the geometrical and dynamical structure of the freeze-out source are extracted by fits with blast-wave parametrizations. The expansion of the source and its relation with the initial energy density distribution is studied.

Sex-stratified genome-wide association studies including 270,000 individuals show sexual dimorphism in genetic loci for anthropometric traits (2013)

Joshua C. Randall Thomas W. Winkler Zoltán Kutalik Sonja I. Berndt Anne U. Jackson Keri L. Monda Tuomas O. Kilpeläinen Tõnu Esko Reedik Mägi Shengxu Li Tsegaselassie Workalemahu Mary F. Feitosa Damien C. Croteau-Chonka Felix R. Day Tove Fall Teresa Ferreira Stefan Gustafsson Adam E. Locke Iain Mathieson André Scherag Sailaja Vedantam Andrew R. Wood Liming Liang Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir Gudmar Thorleifsson Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis Antigone S. Dimas Fredrik Karpe Josine L. Min George Nicholson Deborah J. Clegg Thomas Person Jon P. Krohn Sabrina Bauer Christa Buechler Kristina Eisinger Amélie Bonnefond Philippe Froguel Jouke-Jan Hottenga Inga Prokopenko Lindsay L. Waite Tamara B. Harris Albert Vernon Smith Alan R. Shuldiner Wendy L. McArdle Mark J. Caulfield Patricia B. Munroe Henrik Grönberg Yii-Der Ida Chen Guo Li Jacques S. Beckmann Toby Johnson Unnur Thorsteinsdottir Maris Teder-Laving Kay-Tee Khaw Nicholas J. Wareham Jing Hua Zhao Najaf Amin Ben A. Oostra Aldi T. Kraja Michael A. Province L. Adrienne Cupples Nancy L. Heard-Costa Jaakko Kaprio Samuli Ripatti Ida Surakka Francis S. Collins Jouko Saramies Jaakko Tuomilehto Antti Jula Veikko Salomaa Jeanette Erdmann Christian Hengstenberg Christina Loley Heribert Schunkert Claudia Lamina Heinz Erich Wichmann Eva Albrecht Christian Gieger Andrew A. Hicks Åsa Johansson Peter P. Pramstaller Sekar Kathiresan Elizabeth K. Speliotes Brenda Penninx Anna-Liisa Hartikainen Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin Ulf Gyllensten Dorret I. Boomsma Harry Campbell James F. Wilson Stephen J. Chanock Martin Farrall Anuj Goel Carolina Medina-Gomez Fernando Rivadeneira Karol Estrada André G. Uitterlinden Albert Hofman M. Carola Zillikens Martin den Heijer Lambertus Adrianus Kiemeney Andrea Maschio Per Hall Jonathan Tyrer Alexander Teumer Henry Völzke Peter Kovacs Anke Tönjes Massimo Mangino Tim D. Spector Caroline Hayward Igor Rudan Alistair S. Hall Nilesh J. Samani Antony Paul Attwood Jennifer G. Sambrook Joseph Hung Lyle J. Palmer Marja-Liisa Lokki Juha Sinisalo Gabrielle Boucher Heikki Huikuri Mattias Lorentzon Claes Ohlsson Niina Eklund Johan G. Eriksson Cristina Barlassina Carlo Rivolta Ilja M. Nolte Harold Snieder Melanie M. van der Klauw Jana V. van Vliet-Ostaptchouk Pablo V. Gejman Jianxin Shi Kevin B. Jacobs Zhaoming Wang Stephan J. L. Bakker Irene Mateo Leach Gerjan Navis Pim van der Harst Nicholas Gordon Martin Sarah E. Medland Grant W. Montgomery Jian Yang Daniel I. Chasman Paul M. Ridker Lynda M. Rose Terho Lehtimäki Olli Raitakari Devin Absher Carlos Iribarren Hanneke Basart Kees G. Hovingh Elina Hyppönen Chris Power Chris Power Denise Anderson John P. Beilby Jennie Hui Jennifer Jolley Hendrik Sager Stefan R. Bornstein Peter E. H. Schwarz Kati Kristiansson Markus Perola Jaana Lindström Amy J. Swift Matti Uusitupa Mustafa Atalay Timo A. Lakka Rainer Rauramaa Jennifer L. Bolton Gerry Fowkes Ross M. Fraser Jackie F. Price Krista Fischer Kaarel KrjutÅ¡kov Andres Metspalu Evelin Mihailov Claudia Langenberg Jian'an Luan Ken K. Ong Peter S. Chines Sirkka M. Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi Timo E. Saaristo Sarah Edkins Paul W. Franks Göran Hallmans Dmitry Shungin Andrew David Morris Colin N. A. Palmer Raimund Erbel Susanne Moebus Markus Maria Nöthen Sonali Pechlivanis Kristian Hveem Narisu Narisu Anders Hamsten Steve E. Humphries Rona J. Strawbridge Elena Tremoli Harald Grallert Barbara Thorand Thomas Illig Wolfgang Koenig Martina Müller-Nurasyid Annette Peters Bernhard O. Böhm Marcus E. Kleber Winfried März Bernhard R. Winkelmann Johanna Kuusisto Markku Laakso Dominique Arveiler Giancarlo Cesana Kari Kuulasmaa Jarmo Virtamo John W. G. Yarnell Diana Kuh Andrew Wong Lars Lind Ulf de Faire Bruna Gigante Patrik K. E. Magnusson Nancy L. Pedersen George Dedoussis Maria Dimitriou Genovefa Kolovou Stavroula Kanoni Kathleen Stirrups Lori L. Bonnycastle Inger Njølstad Tom Wilsgaard Andrea Ganna Emil Rehnberg Aroon Hingorani Mika Kivimaki Meena Kumari Themistocles L. Assimes Inês Barroso Michael Boehnke Ingrid B. Borecki Panos Deloukas Caroline S. Fox Timothy Frayling Leif C. Groop Talin Haritunians David Hunter Erik Ingelsson Robert Kaplan Karen L. Mohlke Kari E. North Cecilia M. Lindgren Lu Qi Ruth J. F. Loos Iris M. Heid Joel N. Hirschhorn Mark I. McCarthy Gonçalo R. Abecasis Kari Stefansson David P. Strachan David Schlessinger Jeffrey R. O'Connell Cornelia M. van Duijn

Men and women differ substantially regarding height, weight, and body fat. Interestingly, previous work detecting genetic effects for waist-to-hip ratio, to assess body fat distribution, has found that many of these showed sex-differences. However, systematic searches for sex-differences in genetic effects have not yet been conducted. Therefore, we undertook a genome-wide search for sexually dimorphic genetic effects for anthropometric traits including 133,723 individuals in a large meta-analysis and followed promising variants in further 137,052 individuals, including a total of 94 studies. We identified seven loci with significant sex-difference including four previously established (near GRB14/COBLL1, LYPLAL1/SLC30A10, VEGFA, ADAMTS9) and three novel anthropometric trait loci (near MAP3K1, HSD17B4, PPARG), all of which were significant in women, but not in men. Of interest is that sex-difference was only observed for waist phenotypes, but not for height or body-mass-index. We found no evidence for sex-differences with opposite effect direction for men and women. The PPARG locus is of specific interest due to its link to diabetes genetics and therapy. Our findings demonstrate the importance of investigating sex differences, which may lead to a better understanding of disease mechanisms with a potential relevance to treatment options.

The PREDICTS database : a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts (2014)

Lawrence N. Hudson Tim Newbold Sara Contu Samantha L. L. Hill Igor Lysenko Adriana de Palma Helen R. P. Phillips Rebecca A. Senior Dominic J. Bennett Hollie Booth Argyrios Choimes David L. P. Correia Julie Day Susy Echeverria-Londono Morgan Garon Michelle L. K. Harrison Daniel J. Ingram Martin Jung Victoria Kemp Lucinda Kirkpatrick Callum D. Martin Yuan Pan Hannah J. White Job Aben Stefan Abrahamczyk Gilbert B. Adum Virginia Aguilar-Barquero Marcelo Aizen Marc Ancrenaz Enrique Arbelaez-Cortes Inge Armbrecht Badrul Azhar Adrián B. Azpiroz Lander Baeten András Báldi John E. Banks Jos Barlow Péter Batáry Adam J. Bates Erin M. Bayne Pedro Beja Åke Berg Nicholas J. Berry Jake E. Bicknell Jochen H. Bihn Katrin Böhning-Gaese Teun Boekhout Celine Boutin Jeremy Bouyer Francis Q. Brearley Isabel Brito Jörg Brunet Grzegorz Buczkowski Erika Buscardo Jimmy Cabra-Garcia Maria Calvino-Cancela Sydney A. Cameron Eliana M. Cancello Tiago F. Carrijo Anelena L. Carvalho Helena Castro Alejandro Antonio Castro-Luna Rolando Cerda Alexis Cerezo Matthieu Chauvat Frank M. Clarke Daniel F. R. Cleary Stuart P. Connop Biagio D'Aniello Pedro Giovani da Silva Ben Darvill Jens Dauber Alain Dejean Tim Diekötter Yamileth Dominguez-Haydar Carsten F. Dormann Bertrand Dumont Simon G. Dures Mats Dynesius Lars Edenius Zoltan Elek Martin H. Entling Nina Farwig Tom M. Fayle Antonio Felicioli Annika M. Felton Gentile Francesco Ficetola Bruno K. C. Filgueiras Steve J. Fonte Lauchlan H. Fraser Daisuke Fukuda Dario Furlani Jörg U. Ganzhorn Jenni G. Garden Carla Gheler-Costa Paolo Giordani Simonetta Giordano Marco S. Gottschalk Dave Goulson Aaron D. Gove James Grogan Mick E. Hanley Thor Hanson Nor R. Hashim Joseph E. Hawes Christian Hébert Alvin J. Helden John-André Henden Lionel Hernández Felix Herzog Diego Higuera-Diaz Branko Hilje Finbarr G. Horgan Roland Horvath Kristoffer Hylander Roland Horvath Paola Isaacs-Cubides Mashiro Ishitani Carmen T. Jacobs Victor J. Jaramillo Birgit Jauker Matts Jonsell Thomas S. Jung Vena Kapoor Vassiliki Kati Eric Katovai Michael Kessler Eva Knop Annette Kolb Àdám Körösi Thibault Lachat Victoria Lantschner Violette Le Féon Gretchen LeBuhn Jean-Philippe Légaré Susan G. Letcher Nick A. Littlewood Carlos A. López-Quintero Mounir Louhaichi Gabor L. Lövei Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja Victor H. Luja Kaoru Maeto Tibor Magura Neil Aldrin D. Mallari Erika Marin-Spiotta Edward Jon P. Marshall Eliana Martínez Margaret M. Mayfield Gregorz Mikusinski Jeffery C. Milder James R. Miller Carolina L. Morales Mary Nyawira Muriithi-Muchane Muchai Muchane Robin Naidoo Akihiro Nakamura Shoji Naoe Guiomar Nates-Parra Dario A. Navarerete Gutierrez Eike Lena Neuschulz Norbertas Noreika Olivia Norfolk Jorge Ari Noriega Nicole M. Nöske Niall O'Dea William Oduro Caleb Ofori-Boateng Chris O. Oke Lynne M. Osgathorpe Juan Paritsis Alejandro Parrah Nicolás Pelegrin Carlos A. Peres Anna S. Persson Theodora Petanidou Ben Phalan T. Keith Philips Katja Poveda Eileen F. Power Steven J. Presley Vânia Proença Marino Quaranta Carolina Quintero Nicola A. Redpath-Downing J. Leighton Reid Yana T. Reis Danilo B. Ribeiro Barbara A. Richardson Michael J. Richardson Carolina A. Robles Jörg Römbke Luz Piedad Romero-Duque Loreta Rosselli Stephen J. Rossiter T'ai H. Roulston Laurent Rousseau Jonathan P. Sadler Szbolcs Sáfián Romeo A. Saldaña-Vásquez Ulrika Samnegård Christof Schüepp Oliver Schweiger Jodi L. Sedlock Ghazala Shahabuddin Douglas Sheil Fernando A. B. Silva Eleanor Slade Allan H. Smith-Pardo Navjot S. Sodhi Eduardo J. Somarriba Ramón A. Sosa Jane C. Stout Matthew J. Struebig Yik-Hei Sung Caragh G. Threlfall Rebecca Tonietto Béla Tóthmérész Teja Tscharntke Edgar C. Turner Jason M. Tylianakis Adam J. Vanbergen Kiril Vassilev Hans A. F. Verboven Carlos H. Vergara Pablo M. Vergara Jort Verhulst Tony R. Walker Yanping Wang James I. Watling Konstans Wells Christopher D. Williams Michael R. Willig John Casimir Zichy Woinarski Jan H. D. Wolf Ben A. Woodcock Douglas W. Yu Andreys Zailsev Ben Collen Rob M. Ewers Georgina M. Mace Drew W. Purves Jörn P. W. Scharlemann Andy Pervis

Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species’ threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project – and avert – future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups – including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems – www.predicts.org.uk). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015.

Gene-wide analysis detects two new susceptibility genes for Alzheimer's disease (2014)

Valentina Escott-Price Céline Bellenguez Li-San Wang Seung-Hoan Choi Denise Harold Lesley Jones Peter Holmans Amy Gerrish Alexey Vedernikov Alexander Richards Anita L. DeStefano Jean-Charles Lambert Carla A. Ibrahim-Verbaas Adam C. Naj Rebecca Sims Gyungah Jun Joshua C. Bis Gary W. Beecham Benjamin Grenier-Boley Giancarlo Russo Tricia A. Thornton-Wells Nicola Denning Albert V. Smith Vincent Chouraki Charlene Thomas M. Arfan Ikram Diana Zelenika Badri N. Vardarajan Yoichiro Kamatani Chiao-Feng Lin Helena Schmidt Brian Kunkle Melanie L. Dunstan Maria Vronskaya Andrew D. Johnson Agustin Ruiz Marie-Thérèse Bihoreau Christiane Reitz Florence Pasquier Paul Hollingworth Olivier Hanon Annette L. Fitzpatrick Joseph D. Buxbaum Dominique Campion Paul K. Crane Clinton Baldwin Tim Becker Vilmundur Gudnason Carlos Cruchaga David Craig Najaf Amin Claudine Berr Oscar L. Lopez Philip L. De Jager Vincent Deramecourt Janet A. Johnston Denis Evans Simon Lovestone Luc Letenneur Isabel Hernández David C. Rubinsztein Gudny Eiriksdottir Kristel Sleegers Alison M. Goate Nathalie Fiévet Matthew J. Huentelman Michael Gill Kristelle Brown M. Ilyas Kamboh Lina Keller Pascale Barberger-Gateau Bernadette McGuinness Eric B. Larson Amanda J. Myers Carole Dufouil Stephen Todd David Wallon Seth Love Ekaterina Rogaeva John Gallacher Peter St George-Hyslop Jordi Clarimon Alberto Lleo Anthony Bayer Debby W. Tsuang Lei Yu Magda Tsolaki Paola Bossù Gianfranco Spalletta Petra Proitsi John Collinge Sandro Sorbi Florentino Sanchez Garcia Nick C. Fox John Hardy Maria Candida Deniz Naranjo Paolo Bosco Robert Clarke Carol Brayne Daniela Galimberti Elio Scarpini Ubaldo Bonuccelli Michelangelo Mancuso Gabriele Siciliano Susanne Moebus Patrizia Mecocci Maria Del Zompo Wolfgang Maier Harald Hampel Alberto Pilotto Ana Frank-García Francesco Panza Vincenzo Solfrizzi Paolo Caffarra Benedetta Nacmias William Perry Manuel Mayhaus Lars Lannfelt Hakon Hakonarson Sabrina Pichler Minerva M. Carrasquillo Martin Ingelsson Duane Beekly Victoria Alvarez Fanggeng Zou Otto Valladares Steven G. Younkin Eliecer Coto Kara L. Hamilton-Nelson Wei Gu Cristina Razquin Pau Pastor Ignacio Mateo Michael J. Owen Kelley M. Faber Palmi V. Jonsson Onofre Combarros Michael C. O'Donovan Laura B. Cantwell Hilkka Soininen Deborah Blacker Simon Mead Thomas H. Mosley David A. Bennett Tamara B. Harris Laura Fratiglioni Clive Holmes Renee F. A. G. de Bruijn Peter Passmore Thomas J. Montine Karolien Bettens Jerome I. Rotter Alexis Brice Kevin Morgan Tatiana M. Foroud Walter A. Kukull Didier Hannequin John F. Powell Michael A. Nalls Karen Ritchie Kathryn L. Lunetta John S. K. Kauwe Eric Boerwinkle Matthias Riemenschneider Mercè Boada Mikko Hiltunen Eden R. Martin Reinhold Schmidt Dan Rujescu Jean-François Dartigues Richard Mayeux Christophe Tzourio Albert Hofman Markus Maria Nöthen Caroline Graff Bruce M. Psaty Jonathan L. Haines Mark Lathrop Margaret Ann Pericak-Vance Lenore J. Launer Christine Van Broeckhoven Lindsay A. Farrer Cornelia M. van Duijn Alfredo Ramirez Sudha Seshadri Gerard D. Schellenberg Philippe Amouyel Julie Williams

Background: Alzheimer's disease is a common debilitating dementia with known heritability, for which 20 late onset susceptibility loci have been identified, but more remain to be discovered. This study sought to identify new susceptibility genes, using an alternative gene-wide analytical approach which tests for patterns of association within genes, in the powerful genome-wide association dataset of the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project Consortium, comprising over 7 m genotypes from 25,580 Alzheimer's cases and 48,466 controls. Principal findings: In addition to earlier reported genes, we detected genome-wide significant loci on chromosomes 8 (TP53INP1, p = 1.4×10−6) and 14 (IGHV1-67 p = 7.9×10−8) which indexed novel susceptibility loci. Significance: The additional genes identified in this study, have an array of functions previously implicated in Alzheimer's disease, including aspects of energy metabolism, protein degradation and the immune system and add further weight to these pathways as potential therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease.

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018) : a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines (2018)

Clotilde Théry Kenneth W. Witwer Elena Aikawa Maria Jose Alcaraz Johnathon D. Anderson Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina Anna Antoniou Tanina Arab Fabienne Archer Georgia K. Atkin-Smith D. Craig Ayre Jean-Marie Bach Daniel Bachurski Hossein Baharvand Leonora Balaj Shawn Baldacchino Natalie N. Bauer Amy A. Baxter Mary Bebawy Carla Beckham Apolonija Bedina Zavec Abderrahim Benmoussa Anna C. Berardi Paolo Bergese Ewa Bielska Cherie Blenkiron Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz Eric Boilard Wilfrid Boireau Antonella Bongiovanni Francesc E. Borràs Steffi Bosch Chantal M. Boulanger Xandra Breakefield Andrew M. Breglio Meadhbh Aín Brennan David R. Brigstock Alain Brisson Marike L. D. Broekman Jacqueline F. Bromberg Paulina Bryl-Gorecka Shilpa Buch Amy H. Buck Dylan Burger Sara Busatto Dominik Buschmann Benedetta Bussolati Edit I. Buzás James Bryan Byrd Giovanni Camussi David R. F. Carter Sarah Caruso Lawrence W. Chamley Yu-Ting Chang Chihchen Chen Shuai Chen Lesley Cheng Andrew R. Chin Aled Clayton Stefano P. Clerici Alex Cocks Emanuele Cocucci Robert J. Coffey Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva Yvonne Couch Frank A. W. Coumans Beth Coyle Rossella Crescitelli Miria Ferreira Criado Crislyn D’Souza-Schorey Saumya Das Amrita Datta Chaudhuri Paola de-Candia Eliezer F. De Santana Olivier De Wever Hernando A. del Portillo Tanguy Demaret Sarah Deville Andrew Devitt Bert Dhondt Dolores Di Vizio Lothar C. Dieterich Vincenza Dolo Ana Paula Dominguez Rubio Massimo Dominici Mauricio R. Dourado Tom A. P. Driedonks Filipe V. Duarte Heather M. Duncan Ramon Marc Eichenberger Karin Ekström Samir El Andaloussi Celine Elie-Caille Uta Erdbrügger Juan M. Falcón-Pérez Farah Fatima Jason E. Fish Miguel Flores-Bellver András Försönits Annie Frelet-Barrand Fabia Fricke Gregor Fuhrmann Susanne Gabrielsson Ana Gámez-Valero Chris Gardiner Kathrin Gärtner Raphael Gaudin Yong Song Gho Bernd Giebel Caroline Gilbert Mario Gimona Ilaria Giusti Deborah C. I. Goberdhan André Görgens Sharon M. Gorski David W. Greening Julia Christina Groß Alice Gualerzi Gopal N. Gupta Dakota Gustafson Aase Handberg Réka Ágnes Haraszti Paul Harrison Hargita Hegyesi An Hendrix Andrew F. Hill Fred H. Hochberg Karl F. Hoffmann Beth Holder Harry Holthofer Baharak Hosseinkhani Guoku Hu Yiyao Huang Veronica Huber Stuart Hunt Ahmed Gamal-Eldin Ibrahim Tsuneya Ikezu Jameel M. Inal Mustafa Isin Alena Ivanova Hannah K. Jackson Soren Jacobsen Steven M. Jay Muthuvel Jayachandran Guido Jenster Lanzhou Jiang Suzanne M. Johnson Jennifer C. Jones Ambrose Jong Tijana Jovanovic-Talisman Stephanie Jung Raghu Kalluri Shin-ichi Kano Sukhbir Kaur Yumi Kawamura Evan T. Keller Delaram Khamari Elena Khomyakova Anastasia Khvorova Peter Kierulf Kwang Pyo Kim Thomas Kislinger Mikael Klingeborn David J. Klinke Miroslaw Kornek Maja M. Kosanović Árpád Ferenc Kovács Eva-Maria Krämer-Albers Susanne Krasemann Mirja Krause Igor V. Kurochkin Gina D. Kusuma Sören Kuypers Saara Laitinen Scott M. Langevin Lucia R. Languino Joanne Lannigan Cecilia Lässer Louise C. Laurent Gregory Lavieu Elisa Lázaro-Ibáñez Soazig Le Lay Myung-Shin Lee Yi Xin Fiona Lee Debora S. Lemos Metka Lenassi Aleksandra Leszczynska Isaac T. S. Li Ke Liao Sten F. Libregts Erzsebet Ligeti Rebecca Lim Sai Kiang Lim Aija Linē Karen Linnemannstöns Alicia Llorente Catherine Ann Lombard Magdalena J. Lorenowicz Ákos M. Lörincz Jan Lötvall Jason Lovett Michelle C. Lowry Xavier Loyer Quan Lu Barbara Lukomska Taral Rameshchand Lunavat Sybren L. N. Maas Harmeet Malhi Antonio Marcilla Jacopo Mariani Javier Mariscal Elena S. Martens-Uzunova Lorena Martin-Jaular M. Carmen Martinez Vilma Regina Martins Mathilde Mathieu Suresh Mathivanan Marco Maugeri Lynda K. McGinnis Mark J. McVey David G. Meckes Katie Meehan Inge Mertens Valentina R. Minciacchi Andreas Möller Malene Møller Jørgensen Aizea Morales-Kastresana Jess Morhayim François Mullier Maurizio Muraca Luca Musante Veronika Mussack Dillon C. Muth Kathryn H. Myburgh Tanbir Najrana Muhammad Nawaz Irina Nazarenko Peter Nejsum Christian Neri Tommaso Neri Rienk Nieuwland Leonardo Nimrichter John P. Nolan Esther N. M. Nolte-’t Hoen Nicole Noren Hooten Lorraine O’Driscoll Tina O’Grady Ana O’Loghlen Takahiro Ochiya Martin Olivier Alberto Ortiz Luis A. Ortiz Xabier Osteikoetxea Ole Østergaard Matias Ostrowski Jaesung Park Dirk Michiel Pegtel Hector Peinado Francesca Perut Michael Pfaffl Donald G. Phinney Bartijn C. H. Pieters Ryan Charles Pink David S. Pisetsky Elke Pogge von Strandmann Iva Polakovicova Ivan K. H. Poon Bonita H. Powell Ilaria Prada Lynn Pulliam Peter Quesenberry Annalisa Radeghieri Robert L. Raffai Stefania Raimondo Janusz Rak Marcel I. Ramirez Graça Raposo Morsi S. Rayyan Neta Regev-Rudzki Franz Lennard Ricklefs Paul D. Robbins David D. Roberts Silvia C. Rodrigues Eva Rohde Sophie Rome Kasper M. Rouschop Aurelia Rughetti Ashley E. Russell Paula Saá Susmita Sahoo Edison Salas-Huenuleo Catherine Sánchez Julie A. Saugstad Meike J. Saul Raymond M. Schiffelers Raphael Schneider Tine Hiorth Schøyen Aaron Scott Eriomina Shahaj Shivani Sharma Olga Shatnyeva Faezeh Shekari Ganesh Vilas Shelke Ashok K. Shetty Kiyotaka Shiba Pia R.-M. Siljander Andreia M. Silva Agata Skowronek Orman L. Snyder Rodrigo Pedro Soares Barbara W. Sódar Carolina Soekmadji Javier Sotillo Philip D. Stahl Willem Stoorvogel Shannon L. Stott Erwin F. Strasser Simon Swift Hidetoshi Tahara Muneesh Tewari Kate Timms Swasti Tiwari Rochelle Tixeira Mercedes Tkach Wei Seong Toh Richard Tomasini Ana Claudia Torrecilhas Juan Pablo Tosar Vasilis Toxavidis Lorena Urbanelli Pieter Vader Bastiaan Wilhelmus Maria van Balkom Susanne G. van der Grein Jan Van Deun Martijn J. C. van Herwijnen Kendall Van Keuren-Jensen Guillaume van Niel Martin E. van Royen Andre J. van Wijnen M. Helena Vasconcelos Ivan J. Vechetti Tiago D. Veit Laura J. Vella Émilie Velot Frederik Verweij Beate Vestad Jose Luis Viñas Tamás Visnovitz Krisztina V. Vukman Jessica Wahlgren Dionysios C. Watson Marca H. M. Wauben Alissa Weaver Jason P. Webber Viktoria Weber Ann M. Wehman Daniel J. Weiss Joshua A. Welsh Sebastian Wendt Åsa M. Wheelock Zoltán Wiener Leonie Witte Joy Wolfram Angeliki Xagorari Patricia Xander Jing Xu Xiaomei Yan María Yáñez-Mó Hang Yin Yuana Yuana Valentina Zappulli Jana Zarubova Vytautas Žėkas Jian-ye Zhang Zezhou Zhao Lei Zheng Alexander R. Zheutlin Antje Maria Zickler Pascale Zimmermann Angela M. Zivkovic Davide Zocco Ewa K. Zuba-Surma

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points.

Phylogenetic classification of the world’s tropical forests (2018)

J. W. Ferry Slik Janet Franklin Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez Richard Field Salomon Aguilar Nikolay Aguirre Jorge Ahumada Shin-Ichiro Aiba Luciana F. Alves Kamalakumari Anitha Andres Avella Francisco Mora Gerardo A. Aymard Selene Báez Patricia Balvanera Meredith L. Bastian Jean-François Bastin Peter Bellingham Eduardo van den Berg Polyanna da Conceição Bispo Pascal Boeckx Katrin Böhning-Gaese Frans Bongers Brad Boyle Fabian Brambach Francis Q. Brearley Sandra Brown Shauna-Lee Chai Robin L. Chazdon Shengbin Chen Phourin Chhang George Chuyong Corneille Ewangog Indiana Coronado Jurgi Cristóbal-Azkarate Heike Culmsee Kipiro Damas Handanakere Shivaramaiah Dattaraja Priya Davidar Saara J. DeWalt Hazimah Din Donald R. Drake Alvaro Duque Giselda Durigan Karl Eichhorn Eduardo Schmidt Eler Tsutomu Enoki Andreas Ensslin Adandé Belarmain Fandohan Nina Farwig Kenneth J. Feeley Markus Fischer Olle Forshed Queila Souza Garcia Satish Chandra Garkoti Thomas William Gillespie Jean-Francois Gillet Christelle Gonmadje Iñigo Granzow-de la Cerda Daniel M. Griffith James Grogan Khalid Rehman Hakeem David J. Harris Rhett D. Harrison Andy Hector Andreas Hemp Jürgen Homeier M. Shah Hussain Guillermo Ibarra Manríquez I. Faridah Hanum Nobuo Imai Patrick A. Jansen Carlos Alfredo Joly Shijo Joseph Kuswata Kartawinata Elizabeth Kearsley Daniel L. Kelly Michael Kessler Timothy J. Killeen Robert Kooyman Yves Laumonier Susan G. Laurance William F. Laurance Michael J. Lawes Susan G. Letcher Jeremy Lindsell Jon Lovett Jose Lozada Xinghui Lu Anne Mette Lykke Khairil Bin Mahmud Ni Putu Diana Mahayani Asyraf Mansor Andrew R. Marshall Emanuel H. Martin Darley Calderado Leal Matos Jorge A. Meave Felipe P. L. Melo Zhofre Aguirre Mendoza Faizah Metali Vincent P. Medjibe Jean Paul Metzger Thiago Metzker Dharmalingam Mohandass Miguel A. Munguía-Rosas Rodrigo Muñoz Eddy Nurtjahy Eddie Lenza de Oliveira Onrizal Onrizal Pia Parolin Marc Parren Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy Ekananda Paudel Rolando Perez Eduardo A. Pérez-García Ulf Pommer Lourens Poorter Lan Qi Maria Teresa F. Piedade José Roberto Rodrigues Pinto Axel Dalberg Poulsen John R. Poulsen Jennifer S. Powers Rama Chandra Prasad Jean-Philippe Puyravaud Orlando Rangel Jan Reitsma Diogo S. B. Rocha Samir Rolim Francesco Rovero Andes Rozak Kalle Ruokolainen Ervan Rutishauser Gemma Rutten Mohd. Nizam Mohd. Said Felipe Z. Saiter Philippe Saner Braulio Santos João Roberto dos Santos Swapan Kumar Sarker Christine B. Schmitt Jochen Schöngart Mark Schulze Douglas Sheil Plinio Sist Alexandre F. Souza Wilson Roberto Spironello Tereza Sposito Robert Steinmetz Tariq Stevart Marcio Seiji Suganuma Rahayu Sukri Aisha Sultana Raman Sukumar Terry Sunderland Agus Supriyadi Hebbalalu S. Suresh Eizi Suzuki Marcelo Tabarelli Jianwei Tang Edmund V. J. Tanner Natalia Targhetta Ida Theilade Duncan Thomas Jonathan Timberlake Márcio de Morisson Valeriano Johan van Valkenburg Tran Van Do Hoang Van Sam John H. Vandermeer Hans Verbeeck Ole Reidar Vetaas Victor Adekunle Simone A. Vieira Campbell O. Webb Edward L. Webb Timothy Whitfeld Serge Wich John Williams Susan Wiser Florian Wittmann Xiaobo Yang C. Yves Adou Yao Sandra L. Yap Rakan A. Zahawie Rahmad Zakaria Runguo Zang

Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world’s tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world’s tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northern-hemisphere forests.

Progression of conventional cardiovascular risk factors and vascular disease risk in individuals: insights from the PROG-IMT consortium (2019)

Martin Bahls Matthias W. Lorenz Marcus Dörr Lu Gao Kazuo Kitagawa Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen Stefan Agewall Gerald Berenson Alberico L. Catapano Giuseppe D. Norata Michiel L. Bots Wiek van Gilst Folkert W. Asselbergs Frank P. Brouwers Heiko Uthoff Dirk Sander Holger Poppert Michael Hecht Olsen Jean Philippe Empana Ulf Schminke Damiano Baldassarre Fabrizio Veglia Oscar H. Franco Maryam Kavousi Eric de Groot Ellisiv B. Mathiesen Liliana Grigore Joseph F. Polak Tatjana Rundek Coen D. A. Stehouwer Michael R. Skilton Apostolos I. Hatzitolios Christos Savopoulos George Ntaios Matthieu Plichart Stela McLachlan Lars Lind Peter Willeit Helmuth Steinmetz Moise Desvarieux M. Arfan Ikram Stein Harald Johnsen Caroline Schmidt Johann Willeit Pierre Ducimetiere Jackie F. Price Göran Bergström Jussi Kauhanen Stefan Kiechl Matthias Sitzer Horst Bickel Ralph L. Sacco Albert Hofman Henry Völzke Simon G. Thompson

Aims: Averaged measurements, but not the progression based on multiple assessments of carotid intima-media thickness, (cIMT) are predictive of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in individuals. Whether this is true for conventional risk factors is unclear. Methods and results: An individual participant meta-analysis was used to associate the annualised progression of systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with future cardiovascular disease risk in 13 prospective cohort studies of the PROG-IMT collaboration (n = 34,072). Follow-up data included information on a combined cardiovascular disease endpoint of myocardial infarction, stroke, or vascular death. In secondary analyses, annualised progression was replaced with average. Log hazard ratios per standard deviation difference were pooled across studies by a random effects meta-analysis. In primary analysis, the annualised progression of total cholesterol was marginally related to a higher cardiovascular disease risk (hazard ratio (HR) 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00 to 1.07). The annualised progression of systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was not associated with future cardiovascular disease risk. In secondary analysis, average systolic blood pressure (HR 1.20 95% CI 1.11 to 1.29) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.16) were related to a greater, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.97) was related to a lower risk of future cardiovascular disease events. Conclusion: Averaged measurements of systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol displayed significant linear relationships with the risk of future cardiovascular disease events. However, there was no clear association between the annualised progression of these conventional risk factors in individuals with the risk of future clinical endpoints.

Reconciliation of essential process parameters for an enhanced predictability of Arctic stratospheric ozone loss and its climate interactions : (RECONCILE) ; activities and results (2013)

Marc von Hobe Slimane Bekki Stephan Borrmann Francesco Cairo Francesco D'Amato Guido Di Donfrancesco Andreas Dörnbrack Andreas Ebersoldt Martin Ebert Claudia Emde Ines Engel Manfred Ern Wiebke Frey Silvia Genco Sabine Griessbach Jens-Uwe Grooß Thomas Gulde Gebhard Günther Elisabeth Hösen Lars Hoffmann Viktoria Homonnai Christopher Robert Hoyle Ivar S.A. Isaksen David R. Jackson Imre M. Jánosi Rod L. Jones Konrad Kandler Christoph Kalicinsky Andrea Keil Sergey M. Khaykin Farahnaz Khosrawi Rigel Kivi Jayan Kuttippurath Johannes Christian Laube Franck Lefèvre Ralph Lehmann Sabrina Ludmann Beiping P. Luo Marion Marchand Jessica Meyer Valentin Mitev Sergej Molleker Rolf Müller Hermann Oelhaf Friedhelm Olschewski Yvan Orsolini Thomas Peter Klaus Pfeilsticker Christof Piesch Michael C. Pitts Lamont R. Poole Francis D. Pope Fabrizio Ravegnani Markus Rex Martin Riese Thomas Röckmann Bjørg Rognerud Anke Roiger Christian Rolf Michelle L. Santee Monika Scheibe Cornelius Schiller Hans Schlager Matteo Siciliani de Cumis Nikolay Sitnikov Ole Amund Søvde Reinhold Spang Nicole Spelten Frode Stordal Olga Sumińska-Ebersoldt Silvia Viciani C.-Michael Volk Marcel vom Scheidt Alexey Ulanovski Peter von der Gathen Kaley A. Walker Tobias Wegner Ralf Weigel Stephan Weinbruch Gerald Wetzel Franck G. Wienhold Ingo Wohltmann Wolfgang Woiwode Isla A. K. Young Vladimir Yushkov Bernhard Zobrist Fred Stroh

The international research project RECONCILE has addressed central questions regarding polar ozone depletion, with the objective to quantify some of the most relevant yet still uncertain physical and chemical processes and thereby improve prognostic modelling capabilities to realistically predict the response of the ozone layer to climate change. This overview paper outlines the scope and the general approach of RECONCILE, and it provides a summary of observations and modelling in 2010 and 2011 that have generated an in many respects unprecedented dataset to study processes in the Arctic winter stratosphere. Principally, it summarises important outcomes of RECONCILE including (i) better constraints and enhanced consistency on the set of parameters governing catalytic ozone destruction cycles, (ii) a better understanding of the role of cold binary aerosols in heterogeneous chlorine activation, (iii) an improved scheme of polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) processes that includes heterogeneous nucleation of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) and ice on non-volatile background aerosol leading to better model parameterisations with respect to denitrification, and (iv) long transient simulations with a chemistry-climate model (CCM) updated based on the results of RECONCILE that better reproduce past ozone trends in Antarctica and are deemed to produce more reliable predictions of future ozone trends. The process studies and the global simulations conducted in RECONCILE show that in the Arctic, ozone depletion uncertainties in the chemical and microphysical processes are now clearly smaller than the sensitivity to dynamic variability.

Rapid growth of organic aerosol nanoparticles over a wide tropospheric temperature range (2018)

Dominik Stolzenburg Lukas Fischer Alexander L. Vogel Martin Heinritzi Meredith Schervish Mario Simon Andrea Christine Wagner Lubna Dada Lauri R. Ahonen Antonio Amorim Andrea Baccarini Paulus Salomon Bauer Bernhard Baumgartner Anton Bergen Federico Bianchi Martin Breitenlechner Sophia Brilke Stephany Buenrostro Mazon Dexian Chen Antonio Dias Danielle C. Draper Jonathan Duplissy Imad El Haddad Henning Finkenzeller Carla Frege Claudia Fuchs Olga Garmash Hamish Gordon Xucheng He Johanna Helm Victoria Hofbauer Christopher Robert Hoyle Changhyuk Kim Jasper Kirkby Jenni Kontkanen Andreas Kürten Janne Lampilahti Michael Joseph Lawler Katrianne Lehtipalo Markus Leiminger Huajun Mai Serge Mathot Bernhard Mentler Ugo Molteni Wei Nie Tuomo Nieminen John B. Nowak Andrea Ojdanic Antti Onnela Monica Passananti Tuukka Petäjä Lauriane L. J. Quéléver Matti P. Rissanen Nina Sarnela Simon Schallhart Christian Tauber Antonio Tomé Robert Wagner Mingyi Wang Lena Weitz Daniela Wimmer Mao Xiao Chao Yan Penglin Ye Qiaozhi Zha Urs Baltensperger Joachim Curtius Josef Dommen Richard C. Flagan Markku Kulmala James N. Smith Douglas R. Worsnop Armin Hansel Neil McPherson Donahue Paul M. Winkler

Nucleation and growth of aerosol particles from atmospheric vapors constitutes a major source of global cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The fraction of newly formed particles that reaches CCN sizes is highly sensitive to particle growth rates, especially for particle sizes <10 nm, where coagulation losses to larger aerosol particles are greatest. Recent results show that some oxidation products from biogenic volatile organic compounds are major contributors to particle formation and initial growth. However, whether oxidized organics contribute to particle growth over the broad span of tropospheric temperatures remains an open question, and quantitative mass balance for organic growth has yet to be demonstrated at any temperature. Here, in experiments performed under atmospheric conditions in the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), we show that rapid growth of organic particles occurs over the range from −25 ∘C to 25 ∘C. The lower extent of autoxidation at reduced temperatures is compensated by the decreased volatility of all oxidized molecules. This is confirmed by particle-phase composition measurements, showing enhanced uptake of relatively less oxygenated products at cold temperatures. We can reproduce the measured growth rates using an aerosol growth model based entirely on the experimentally measured gas-phase spectra of oxidized organic molecules obtained from two complementary mass spectrometers. We show that the growth rates are sensitive to particle curvature, explaining widespread atmospheric observations that particle growth rates increase in the single-digit-nanometer size range. Our results demonstrate that organic vapors can contribute to particle growth over a wide range of tropospheric temperatures from molecular cluster sizes onward.

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