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Anarchival practises : the Clanwilliam Arts Project as re-imagining custodianship of the past
(2023)
Where is the past? It is not really behind us, but with us, constantly imagined and re-imagined in public discourse through historical narrations. Using the Clanwilliam Arts Project as a case study, this volume is founded on the 'anarchive', a conceptual constellation that positions the past in relation to the present, bringing into view strategies to facilitate remembering beyond the colonial archive.
This essay identifies in the materialist strand of world literature theory, especially Pascale Casanova and the Warwick Research Collective, a reliance upon a priori structures (the worldsystem) and prioritisation of the literary registration of inequality. By contrast, I contend, world-literary critics who wish to maintain the dissident spirit of postcolonialism ought to demonstrate a shared equality. By reference to the philosophies of Bruno Latour, Gilles Deleuze and Jacques Rancière, this essay sets out the case for an alternative to world-systems critique: one that maintains literature's potential for creating new forms of resistance, dissent, and, crucially, equality.
Sömürgeciliğin farklı bakış açılarıyla sorunsallaştırıldığı postkolonyal düşünce, kimi yazarları derin bir etki altına alarak söz konusu yaklaşımlara ilişkin düşüncelerini yazınsal yapıtlarında yansıtma olarak açığa çıkmıştır. Bu yazarlardan biri olan çağdaş Alman Edebiyatının en önemli isimlerinden Uwe Timm, 1978 yılında kaleme aldığı ve 1904-1907 yılları arasında geçen sürede Almanya'nın söz konusu dönemde sömürgesi olan Güney Afrika'da yaşamakta olan yerliler ile Almanlar arasındaki mücadelenin konulaştırıldığı Morenga adlı tarihsel romanında kurguladığı Gottschalk karakterinin "Beyaz Kıta"dan "Kara Kıta"ya gelişiyle birlikte kişisel ve sosyal yaşamına ilişkin yaşadığı değişimleri gözler önüne sermiştir. Polonya asıllı İngiliz yazar Joseph Conrad ise, 1899 yılında yazdığı Karanlığın Yüreği adlı yapıtında, "Kara Kıta"ya bir iş için görevlendirilen Marlow'un kıtanın derinliklerinde beyazların yerlilere uyguladığı işkencelerle birlikte deneyimlediklerini anlatılaştırır. Bu bağlamda, postkolonyal kuram ışığında karşılaştırmalı ve metin içkin yöntemle irdelenecek olan söz konusu çalışmada öncelikle postkolonyalizmin bir kuram olarak ortaya çıkışı ve postkolonyal edebiyatın sınırlarına değinilecek, söz konusu iki yapıtta, Afrika topraklarına görevlendirilen başkahramanların kıtada kaldıkları süre boyunca geçirdiği değişim irdelenecek, bir sonuç değerlendirmesi yapılarak çalışma sonlandırılacaktır.
This chapter explores the intrinsic relationship between weather/weathering and the imaginary of the sea, which features in the work of artist Arthur Bispo do Rosário. Bispo was a black man who spent most of his life in psychiatric institutions. There is an important interplay between his psychotic deliriums and the production of hundreds of objects, many of them ships or forms that relate to the sea. These objects open up a discussion on decoloniality as they are embedded with marks left by the transatlantic slave trade.
Volker Woltersdorff's essay 'Sexual Ghosts and the Whole of History: Queer Historiography, Post-Slavery Subjectivities, and Sadomasochism in Isaac Julien's "The Attendant"' discusses the controversial concept of wholeness in historiography with regard to the fascination with past horrors and the desire to do justice to their victims who retain a ghostly presence. The essay retraces how this commitment produces a dilemma, as it can result either in the aspiration to historical wholeness as full memoralization or alternatively in the radical rejection of wholeness as an impossible healing. Employing Elizabeth Freeman's notion of 'erotohistoriography', Woltersdorff introduces affect into the work of historiography in order to find an escape from the dilemmatic impasse between history's wholeness as pacified reconciliation and as ongoing catastrophe along the lines of Walter Benjamin. Sadomasochism is presented as a practice that may correspond most adequately to the paradoxical affect caused by traumatic history that continues to haunt the present. Indeed, re-enactments of historical oppression and violence occur frequently within the BDSM community. However, what distinguishes them from 'living history' re-enactments is their potential to modify affective attachments to history by altering the historical script. The essay elaborates this potential through Isaac Julien's 1993 short film "The Attendant", which, in a kind of queer re-enactment, overwrites the memory of colonial chattel slavery by a sadomasochistic encounter of a black guardian and a white visitor in a museum dedicated to the history of slavery. The film raises the ethical and political question of how to relate affectively to the legacy and ongoing presence of racism. Against this backdrop, the author argues that, through the BDSM scenario and its changes to the historical script, Julien's film represents and promotes a paradoxical way to perform both the memorialization and the forgetting of past horrors and pleasures. Here, historical wholeness acquires a conflicting double meaning of both achieving completeness and restoring integrity. Woltersdorff concludes by interpreting "The Attendant" as urging a utopian perspective, produced by the tension between the impossibility of history's wholeness and the necessary, reparative desire for it. The article concludes by highlighting the paradox that Julien's film shows wholeness 'to be impossible and yet necessary' and 'expresses a necessary desire made impossible'. While the essay explicitly engages with the figure of haunting, one could perhaps speak here also of plasticity insofar as the contradictory conjunction of remembering and forgetting seems to rely on a malleability of affects and on producing an affective economy that sustains the fantasmatic remembrance of a painful past through paradoxical pleasure but breaks with any pleasure derived from real inequality, injustice, or suffering imparted non-consensually.
Im Vordergrund der folgenden Überlegungen soll die Frage stehen, welche möglicherweise fruchtbaren Wechselwirkungen zwischen der postkolonialen Theoriebildung (bei der es sich eigentlich um ein interdisziplinäres Unterfangen handelt, das jedoch starke Wurzeln im Bereich der Literaturwissenschaft hat) und der soziologischen Migrationsforschung (die ebenfalls enge Schnittstellen mit anderen Disziplinen, etwa der Demographie, aufweist) existieren bzw. sinnvollerweise angestrebt werden sollten.
Ilija Trojanow gelingt es in seinem Roman 'Der Weltensammler' mit der Reflexion der wandelbaren Identität des Briten Richard Burton bewusst zu machen, dass sich die Identität von Kulturen im globalen Raum durch interkulturelle Interaktionen, Assimilation und Integration ausbildet, auch wenn dies im 19. Jahrhundert noch ein Vorrecht des Westens zu sein scheint. Heute ist es für beide Seiten – sowohl für Europäer als auch für Nichteuropäer – unumgänglich, die Rolle des 'Anderen' einzunehmen, um ein Bewusstsein von Identität zu entfalten, das der Dynamik und Flexibilität der heutigen kulturellen Bewegungen von Menschen und Gesellschaften im Kontext von Globalisierung entspricht. Trojanow wollte mit seinem Roman 'Der Weltensammler' ein Buch schreiben, "ein Buch über die Möglichkeiten kulturellen Verstehens und die Möglichkeiten, eine dynamische kulturelle Identität zu leben." (Trojanow 2006) Er wollte aber auch durch die intensive Beschäftigung mit der historischen Figur Richard Burton darauf aufmerksam machen, dass er durch das Schreiben und in der Rekonstruktion der Persönlichkeit Richard Burtons zu einer neuen Selbsterkenntnis gelangt ist: "Je mehr ich recherchiere, desto mehr interessiert mich die Wirklichkeit von anderen. Ich bin fasziniert, wie das Schreiben mir hilft, eigene Vorurteile und Verengungen zu überwinden, wie sehr der kreative Prozeß mich selber in Frage stellt." (Trojanow 2008: 94)
Through the influence of postcolonial studies one tried to cross borders by alleviating all kind of differences such as the experience of strangeness. However, these differences still exist as we can come to know in everyday life. Andrea Leskovec insists on this experience of strangeness as basis for her "Alternativer hermeneutischer Ansatz für eine interkulturell ausgerichtete Literaturwissenschaft" (2009, 2011) based on the ideas of Bernhard Waldenfels. This approach combined with Lösch' and Breinig' theory of transdifference permits a well-founded literary analysis in consideration of current experiences. The exemplary analysis of "Nur Gute kommt ins Himmel" by D. Rajčić provides a first insight into the range of this approach. This includes the terminology for describing phenomena of strangeness in literary textes such as the appropriateness of this approach considering the plurality and diversity of (literary) reality.
"Der Prinz von Theben" beinhaltet neun Geschichten ('Miniaturen'). die sich im märchenhaften, teilweise Surrealen, sowohl örtlich, als auch zeitlich nicht weiter definierbaren Orient abspielen. Der Orient wird - auf den ersten Blick aber eben nicht ausschließlich - als stereotyper Schauplatz der Trieb- und Sündhaftigkeit gefasst. Er ist 'das Andere', das Undefinierbare, das 'Surreale' und steht im Gegensatz zum 'geregelten' Abendland. Hier setzt die Lektüre an. Über den theoretischen Zugang von Queertheorien und postkolonialenTheorien wird das gegenseitige Bedingungsverhältnis von kultureller und sexueller Differenz in den Texten durchmessen, literarisch erkundet und die (post-)kolonialen Schreibweisen ausgelotet.
Lasker-Schülers Text verfährt zum einen kolonial, d.h., dass der orientalische Ort zur Projektionsfläche für eigene Wünsche, Sehnsüchte wird und einer, vermeintlich im 'anderen' aufgehobenen Identität, Raum gibt. Zugleich wird er zum Schauplatz, an dem im Sinne eines queertheoretischen und postkolonialen Ansatzes sich das Subjekt auf der Basis von zum Teil widersprüchlichen und ungelösten, nicht vereinheitlichenden Aspekten von Identität formiert. In diesem Spannungsfeld, in diesen Momenten der Ambivalenz verschränken sich diese Verfahrensweisen und eröffnen Momente von 'postcolonial-queer'.