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"Untying the Mother Tongue" explores what it might mean today to speak of someone's attachment to a particular, primary language. Traditional conceptions of mother tongue are often seen as an expression of the ideology of a European nation-state. Yet, current celebrations of multilingualism reflect the recent demands of global capitalism, raising other challenges. The contributions from international scholars on literature, philosophy, and culture, analyze and problematize the concept of 'mother tongue', rethinking affective and cognitive attachments to language while deconstructing its metaphysical, capitalist, and colonialist presuppositions.
Report on the Workshop "Trust, Crisis, Catastrophe III: Practices," organized by Nina Doejen, Gerald Hartung, Katharina Kalthoff, Florian Kappeler, and Cécile Stehrenberger, January 18–20, 2023, University of Wuppertal (Germany).
Connecting narrative worlds
(2014)
The essay will focus on three of the "many faces of irreversibility", sketching a history of irreversibility in 20th-century Russian thought: The abstract irreversibility of time in physics, the 'embodied' irreversibility of biological evolution and, finally, the irreversibility of cultural processes. The first part will trace the history of irreversibility in 19th-century physics and biology. The second part will discuss Vladimir Vernadsky's theory of biological time as an attempt to synthesize physical and biological irreversible processes ('neobratimye protsessy') as phenomena of asymmetry in space-time. The third part will look at the migration of scientific ideas of irreversibility into the theory of culture, i.e., Juri Lotman's semiotic theory of irreversibility as unpredictable and unrepeatable processes of culture. In this three-step sketch, the history of irreversibility will be outlined as one of spatialization (from an abstract law to the image of 'time's arrow') and of specialization (from the law of entropy to the case of the generation of meaning).
This article follows the conceptual history of regulation in the Russian and Soviet context from the late 19th to mid-20th century and emphasizes its ecological dimension. Considering that regulation is a fundamentally interdisciplinary concept applied in biology, economics, law, or political science, such a history cannot strictly limit itself to the conceptual use of regulation in ecological theory. Here, ecology is rather generally understood as a scientific knowledge of nature that is being formed in various sciences throughout the 19th and 20th century by reintegrating knowledge generated in such different disciplines as natural history, biology, medicine, physics, or physiology. This paper exemplarily traces the constitutional process of ecology as a science with regard to the concept of regulation by acknowledging the transdisciplinary and sometimes metaphorical use of the concept and its oscillation between the organic and the social, the natural and the artificial, the mechanic and the dynamic, the intrinsic and the extrinsic.
Metabolism has long served as a broad organizing concept in Russian and Soviet culture for the exchange of material and energy between organisms and their environment. The Russian term 'obmen veshchestv', literally meaning "exchange of substances", semantically ranges beyond the Latinate 'metabolizm' (metabolism) and provides a framework for reflecting on bodies and material objects as open systems engaged in a constant process of transformation. 'Obmen veshchestv' appears in public discourse in mid-19th century Russia as a calque from the German term 'Stoffwechsel' (or 'Wechsel der Materie'). Its usage in Russia reflects the enduring influence of German science. In this entry, I will explore the development and expansion of this concept of material and energy exchange between organisms and their environment in Russia and the Soviet Union. In the course of a century, metabolism migrated from discussions of plant nutrition into physiology, thermodynamics, and ultimately into the Soviet practice of state economic planning. This entry will therefore pay particular attention to the early Soviet period when existing debates on metabolism took on new urgency as tools for praxis on every scale, from the body of the individual worker to humanity's future collective management of planetary material and energy flows.