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In den Tagen vom 7. bis 9. November 2012 fand am Institut für Germanistik der Universität Prešov schon zum zweiten Mal ein Weiterbildungsseminar für Hochschulpädagogen und Doktoranden, diesmal zum Thema Recherchetechniken für Übersetzer, statt. Das Seminar wurde vom Deutschen Akademischen Austauschdienst (DAAD), konkret von der am Institut für Germanistik der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Prešov wirkenden Lektorin, Meike van Hoorn, M. A., organisiert. Am Seminar nahmen nicht nur Hochschullehrer und Doktoranden der Universität Prešov, sondern auch Teilnehmer von der Comenius-Universität in Bratislava, der Konstantin-Philosoph-Universität in Nitra und der Universität in Trnava teil.
This article will attempt to suggest translation procedures necessary to translate culturally bound items in the referential level of a literary work illustrated with examples from two novels: “The Bluest Eye” by Toni Morrison and “Vineland” by Thomas Pynchon. First, the article will include a general description of the referential level in literary works offering possible avenues of 285 its rendition, then and finally suggest a translation methodology and techniques together with practical examples of the theory at work.
Several phenomena associated with the differences in the performance of novice interpreters and semi-professionals have been discussed in the paper. Particular emphasis was placed on the occurrence of imported cognitive load which strongly influenced the performance of the subjects also in places where no intrinsic difficulty had been detected. Nevertheless, too little evidence was provided to establish a more detailed pattern of imported cognitive load, which was due to the limited number of participants in the study. It would be possible to obtain more detailed data and comments from the participants by means of interviews conducted individually with the participants. It would allow asking detailed questions to the participants, which might be a more reliable method than the immediate retrospective accounts. Moreover, in the present study such variables as gender differences, age differences and the possible influence of other foreign languages were not taken into account. Perhaps these variables might shed some light on the issue of the management of cognitive resources. Also, the corpus gathered for the present study may be used for the investigation of other aspects of the SI performance.
Translation is a very broad, complex and multi-faceted phenomenon, encompassing much more factors than it seems at first glance. It is not just copying the words from the original work while changing the language, but it consists of a careful selection of appropriate phrases and expressions, combining them together in a skillful way while taking into consideration numerous aspects, one of them being the text type. The purpose of this article is, therefore, to present various text typologies and text types, specify their implications for translators and determine the role of the correct recognition of text type in producing a successful translation. This will be done on the assumption that a text type is one of the basic factors that allow the translator to recognise the function and purpose of the text as well as the author's intention. Thus, depending on the nature of these, the translator will inevitably resort to different techniques and strategies in order to successfully render the source text. Therefore, identifying the text type also helps the translator to select the appropriate translation strategy.
Im Prinzip handelt es sich um drei Faktoren der Dolmetscherpraxis, die der Neutralität des Dolmetschers entgegenwirken können: Identität – Loyalität – Integrität (vgl. Pöchhacker 2008:115ff):
- Eine komplexe Identität bildet sich u.a. auf Grund der Kulturen heraus, die der Dolmetscher kennt oder in denen er aufgewachsen ist, wobei dies kein glatter und widerspruchsloser Prozess sein muss.
- Mit Loyalität wird in der Praxis gerechnet: Bevorzugt wird ein autonomer Dolmetscher (ein einheimischer) gegenüber einem heteronomen (einem fremden, ausländischen), denn die Kommunikationspartner sind bemüht, die Kommunikation zu kontrollieren.
- Integrität ist die Aufgabe des Dolmetschers: Er soll verbinden und nicht zwischen, sondern für zwei Kulturen moderieren.
Der Dolmetscher solle schließlich – nach Vorstellung vieler – als "Friedensbotschafter im Niemandsland", als "Kulturpendler auf einer Sprachfähre" und "neutraler Vermittler an jeder Front" seine Dienste der Menschheit zur Verfügung stellen. Das bedeutet, dass von ihm verlangt wird, neutral und unparteiisch zu bleiben und originalgetreu sowie vollständig zu dolmetschen. Sind diese Anforderungen real oder eher ideal?
Pro objektivní analýzu rozvoje tlumočnické kompetence studentů je třeba použít měřitelná kritéria. Při experimentu, který je zde popsán, byla východiskem metodologie textové lingvistiky: Tlumočnický výkon 8 studentů byl hodnocen na základě ekvivalence, logické koheze, koherence cílového textu a zahrnuty byly i tlumočnické protokoly studentů doplněné o jejich vlastní komentáře. Výsledek provedené analýzy povede k přizpůsobení didaktických strategií při další práci se studenty.
Türkiye’de son yıllarda birçok üniversitede çeşitli dillere yönelik “mütercim-tercümanlık”, daha yeni bir tanımla “çeviribilim” bölümlerinin açılmasıyla birlikte çeviri eğitimi, bilimsel açıdan araştırmaya değer bir konu haline gelmiştir. Sayıları yıldan yıla artarak bugün 20’ye ulaşan çeviri bölümlerinin hedef ve temel ilkeleri, son on yıllarla ifade edilen evreli bir gelişim sürecinde kurumsallaşmaya yaklaşan “çeviribilim” alanı açısından araştırılmaya değer olgusal durum olarak karşımızda durmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir yandan Türkiye’deki üniversitelerin çeviri programlarını temel alarak sürdürülen eğitim-öğretim etkinliklerini, ortaya koydukları hedefler açısından ele alıp irdelemek; diğer yandan ise çeviri eğitimi uygulamaları ile çeviri eğitimine dönük olarak ortaya atılan yaklaşımlar arasındaki benzerlikleri - farklılıkları tartışmak, çeviri bölümlerinin eğitim-öğretim izlenceleri üzerinden çeviri eğitiminde görülen olası eksikliklere ve yetersizliklere ilişkin çözüm önerileri geliştirmektir.
The following paper deals with the phenomenon of religious terminology in fiction. Katharina Beta’s novel Katharsis was analyzed with regard to the translation of the relevant lexical material into Czech language. The theoretical basis for the analysis was provided by works of both Czech and foreign linguists and translatologists.