Linguistik-Klassifikation: Phonetik/Phonologie / Phonetics/Phonology
80 search hits
-
Supralaryngeal mechanisms of the voicing contrast in velars
(2005)
-
Jana Brunner
- This study investigates supralaryngeal mechanisms of the two way voicing contrast among German velar stops and the three way contrast among Korean velar stops, both in intervocalic position. Articulatory data won via electromagnetic articulography of three Korean speakers and acoustic recordings of three Korean and three German speakers are analysed. It was found that in both languages the voicing contrast is created by more than one mechanism. However, one can say that for Korean velar stops in intervocalic position stop closure duration is the most important parameter. For German it is closure voicing. The results support the phonological description proposed by Kohler (1984).
-
Von Kempelen et al. : remarks on the history of articulatory-acoustic modelling
(2005)
-
Bernd Pompino-Marschall
- The contribution of von Kempelen’s “Mechanism of Speech” to the ‘phonetic sciences‘ will be analyzed with respect to his theoretical reasoning on speech and speech production on the one hand and on the other in connection with his practical insights during his struggle in constructing a speaking machine. Whereas in his theoretical considerations von Kempelen’s view is focussed on the natural functioning of the speech organs – cf. his membraneous glottis model – in constructing his speaking machine he clearly orientates himself towards the auditory result – cf. the bag pipe model for the sound generator used for the speaking machine instead. Concerning vowel production his theoretical description remains questionable, but his practical insight that vowels and speech sounds in general are only perceived correctly in connection with their surrounding sounds – i.e. the discovery of coarticulation – is clearly a milestone in the development of the phonetic sciences: He therefore dispenses with the Kratzenstein tubes, although they might have been based on more thorough acoustic modelling. Finally, von Kempelen’s model of speech production will be discussed in relation to the discussion of the acoustic nature of vowels afterwards [Willis and Wheatstone as well as von Helmholtz and Hermann in the 19th century and Stumpf, Chiba & Kajiyama as well as Fant and Ungeheuer in the 20th century].
-
Berner und Zürcher Prosodie : Ansätze zu einem Vergleich
(2004)
-
Beat Siebenhaar
- Hier werden vorläufige, zu ergänzende, vielleicht sogar zu widerrufende Ergebnisse präsentiert, die sich aus einem Nationalfonds-Projekt zur Erforschung der schweizerdeutschen Prosodie mittels sprachsynthetischer Modellierung ergeben.
-
Das sprachliche Normenverständnis in mundartlichen Chaträumen der Schweiz
(2005)
-
Beat Siebenhaar
- Wer sich einmal in Deutschschweizer IRC-Chatkanälen herumgesehen hat, hat sofort bemerkt, dass neben der Standardsprache häufig Mundart verwendet wird. Eine Analyse der Varietätenverwendung bietet sich an. Es stellt sich die Frage: was bedeutet sprachliche Norm in einem Kommunikationsraum, in dem die Vorgabe, Deutsch zu schreiben, nur heißt nicht Französisch, Italienisch, Türkisch, Serbisch, Portugiesisch usw. zu schreiben, wo also die Standardsprache nur eine der akzeptierten Varietäten ist? Was bedeutet sprachliche Norm, wo Berndeutsch mit /l/-Vokalisierung neben Walliserdeutsch mit archaischen Volltonvokalen in Nebensilben vorkommt, wo für ein standardsprachliches [a:] ‹a, ah, aa, o, oh› oder ‹oo› stehen kann? Der Frage nach einer deskriptiven Norm wird hier nachgegangen, indem Möglichkeiten der Verschriftung einzelner Aspekte aufgezeigt werden und deren Nutzung in regionalen und überregionalen Chaträumen verglichen werden. Aus dem aktuellen Gebrauch wird dann versucht implizite Normen abzuleiten.
-
(Un)markedness of trills : the case of Slavic r-palatalisation
(2004)
-
Marzena Zygis
- This paper evaluates trills [r] and their palatalized counterparts [rj] from the point of view of markedness. It is argued that [r]s are unmarked sounds in comparison to [rj]s which follows from the examination of the following parameters: (a) frequency of occurrence, (b) articulatory and aerodynamic characteristics, (c) perceptual features, (d) emergence in the process of language acquisition, (e) stability from a diachronic point of view, (f) phonotactic distribution, and (g) implications. Several markedness aspects of [r]s and [rj] are analyzed on the basis of Slavic languages which offer excellent material for the evaluation of trills. Their phonetic characteristics incorporated into phonetically grounded constraints are employed for a phonological OT-analysis of r-palatalization in two selected languages: Polish and Czech.
-
On the avoidance of voiced sibilant affricates
(2008)
-
Marzena Zygis
- In this paper it is argued that several typologically unrelated languages share the tendency to avoid voiced sibilant affricates. This tendency is explained by appealing to the phonetic properties of the sounds, and in particular to their aerodynamic characteristics. On the basis of experimental evidence it is shown that conflicting air pressure requirements for maintaining voicing and frication are responsible for the avoidance of voiced affricates. In particular, the air pressure released from the stop phase of the affricate is too high to maintain voicing which in consequence leads to a devoicing of the frication part.
-
Phonetic and phonological aspects of Slavic sibilant fricatives
(2003)
-
Marzena Zygis
- In this article I reanalyze sibilant inventories of Slavic languages by taking into consideration acoustic, perceptive and phonological evidence. The main goal of this study is to show that perception is an important factor which determines the shape of sibilant inventories. The improvement of perceptual contrast essentially contributes to creating new sibilant inventories by (i) changing the place of articulation of the existing phonemes (ii) merging sibilants that are perceptually very close or (iii) deleting them. It has also been shown that the symbol š traditionally used in Slavic linguistics corresponds to two sounds in the IPA systemsystem: it stands for a postalveolar sibilant (ʃ) in some Slavic languages, as e.g. Bulgarian, Czech, Slovak, some Serbian and Croatian dialects, whereas in others like Polish, Russian, Lower Sorbian it functions as a retroflex (s). This discrepancy is motivated by the fact that ʃ is not optimal in terms of maintaining sufficient perceptual contrast to other sibilants such as s and ç. If ʃ occurs together with s and sj there is a considerable perceptual distance between them but if it occurs with ç in an inventory, the distance is much smaller. Therefore, the strategy most languages follow is the change from a postalveolar to a retroflex sibilant.
-
The evolution of sibilants in Polish and Russian
(2003)
-
Jaye Padgett
Marzena Zygis
- In this paper we provide an account of the historical development of Polish and Russian sibilants. The arguments provided here are of theoretical interest because they show that (i) certain allophonic rules are driven by the need to keep contrasts perceptually distinct, (ii) (unconditioned) sound changes result from needs of perceptual distinctiveness, and (iii) perceptual distinctiveness can be extended to a dass of consonants, i.e. the sibilants. The analysis is cast within Dispersion Theory by providing phonetic and typological data supporting the perceptual distinctiveness claims we make.
-
(Non)retroflexivity of Slavic affricates and its motivation : evidence from Polish and Czech <č>
(2005)
-
Marzena Zygis
-
Fünf linguistische Schnittstellen
(2007)
-
Manfred Krifka
- Eine Einführung in eine Reihe von linguistischen Phänomenen von Phonetik bis Pragmatik, einige theoretische Ansätze zur Beschreibung/für diese Phänomene, mit einem Blick auf Phänomene und Ansätze, die für kognitive Linguisten und Neurologen interessant sind. Der Begriff "Schnittstelle" ist in der Linguistik ein technischer Terminus, der beschreibt, wie verschiedene Typen von Phänomenen miteinander in einer Beziehung stehen, aber der Terminus soll auch beschreiben, wie linguistische und außerlinguistische Phänomene ineinandergreifen.
