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his contribution aims to give a basic overview of the latest results regarding the production of resonances in different collision systems. The results were extracted from experimental data collected with HADES that is a multipurpose detector located at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum, Darmstadt. The main points discussed here are: the properties of the strange resonances Λ(1405) and Σ(1385), the role of Δ’s as a source of pions in the final state, the production dynamics reflected in form of differential cross sections, and the role of the ϕ meson as a source for K− particles.
Natural killer (NK) cells are a noteworthy lymphocyte subset in cancer adoptive cell therapy. NK cells initiate innate immune responses against infections and malignancies with natural cytotoxicity, which is independent of foreign antigen recognition. Based on these substantive features, genetically modifying NK cells is among the prime goals in immunotherapy but is currently difficult to achieve. Recently, we reported a fully human CAR19 construct (huCAR19) with remarkable function in gene-modified T-cells. Here, we show efficient and stable gene delivery of huCAR19 to primary human NK cells using lentiviral vectors with transduction efficiencies comparable to those achieved with NK cell lines. These huCAR19 NK cells display specific and potent cytotoxic activity against target cells. To improve homing of NK cells to the bone marrow, we augmented huCAR19 NK cells with the human CXCR4 gene, resulting in transgenically augmented CAR NK cells (TRACKs). Compared to conventional CAR NK cells, TRACKs exhibit enhanced migration capacity in response to recombinant SDF-1 or bone marrow stromal cells while retaining functional and cytolytic activity against target cells. Based on these promising findings, TRACKs may become a novel candidate for immunotherapeutic strategies in clinical applications.
During SPURT (Spurenstofftransport in der Tropopausenregion, trace gas transport in the tropopause region) we performed measurements of a wide range of trace gases with different lifetimes and sink/source characteristics in the northern hemispheric upper troposphere (UT) and lowermost stratosphere (LMS). A large number of in-situ instruments were deployed on board a Learjet 35A, flying at altitudes up to 13.7 km, at times reaching to nearly 380 K potential temperature. Eight measurement campaigns (consisting of a total of 36 flights), distributed over all seasons and typically covering latitudes between 35° N and 75° N in the European longitude sector (10° W–20° E), were performed. Here we present an overview of the project, describing the instrumentation, the encountered meteorological situations during the campaigns and the data set available from SPURT. Measurements were obtained for N2O, CH4, CO, CO2, CFC12, H2, SF6, NO, NOy, O3 and H2O. We illustrate the strength of this new data set by showing mean distributions of the mixing ratios of selected trace gases, using a potential temperature – equivalent latitude coordinate system. The observations reveal that the LMS is most stratospheric in character during spring, with the highest mixing ratios of O3 and NOy and the lowest mixing ratios of N2O and SF6. The lowest mixing ratios of NOy and O3 are observed during autumn, together with the highest mixing ratios of N2O and SF6 indicating a strong tropospheric influence. For H2O, however, the maximum concentrations in the LMS are found during summer, suggesting unique (temperature- and convection-controlled) conditions for this molecule during transport across the tropopause. The SPURT data set is presently the most accurate and complete data set for many trace species in the LMS, and its main value is the simultaneous measurement of a suite of trace gases having different lifetimes and physical-chemical histories. It is thus very well suited for studies of atmospheric transport, for model validation, and for investigations of seasonal changes in the UT/LMS, as demonstrated in accompanying and elsewhere published studies.
During SPURT (Spurenstofftransport in der Tropopausenregion, trace gas transport in the tropopause region) we performed measurements of a wide range of trace gases with different lifetimes and sink/source characteristics in the northern hemispheric upper troposphere (UT) and lowermost stratosphere (LMS). A large number of in-situ instruments were deployed on board a Learjet 35A, flying at altitudes up to 13.7 km, at times reaching to nearly 380 K potential temperature. Eight measurement campaigns (consisting of a total of 36 flights), distributed over all seasons and typically covering latitudes between 35° N and 75° N in the European longitude sector (10° W–20° E), were performed. Here we present an overview of the project, describing the instrumentation, the encountered meteorological situations during the campaigns and the data set available from SPURT. Measurements were obtained for N2O, CH4, CO, CO2, CFC12, H2, SF6, NO, NOy, O3 and H2O. We illustrate the strength of this new data set by showing mean distributions of the mixing ratios of selected trace gases, using a potential temperature – equivalent latitude coordinate system. The observations reveal that the LMS is most stratospheric in character during spring, with the highest mixing ratios of O3 and NOy and the lowest mixing ratios of N2O and SF6. The lowest mixing ratios of NOy and O3 are observed during autumn, together with the highest mixing ratios of N2O and SF6 indicating a strong tropospheric influence. For H2O, however, the maximum concentrations in the LMS are found during summer, suggesting unique (temperature- and convection-controlled) conditions for this molecule during transport across the tropopause. The SPURT data set is presently the most accurate and complete data set for many trace species in the LMS, and its main value is the simultaneous measurement of a suite of trace gases having different lifetimes and physical-chemical histories. It is thus very well suited for studies of atmospheric transport, for model validation, and for investigations of seasonal changes in the UT/LMS, as demonstrated in accompanying and elsewhere published studies.
Focused ion beam induced deposition (FIBID) is a direct-write technique enabling the growth of individual nanostructures of any shape and dimension with high lateral resolution. Moreover, the fast and reliable writing of periodically arranged nanostructures can be used to fabricate devices for the investigation of collective phenomena and to design novel functional metamaterials. Here, FIBID is employed to prepare dc-Josephson junction arrays (dc-JJA) consisting of superconducting NbC dots coupled through the proximity effect via a granular metal layer. The fabrication is straightforward and allows the preparation of dc-JJA within a few seconds. Microstructure and composition of the arrays are investigated by transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The superconductor-to-metal transition of the prepared dc-JJA is studied in a direct way, by tuning the Josephson junction resistance in 70 nm-spaced superconducting NbC dots. The observed magnetoresistance oscillations with a period determined by the flux quantum give evidence for the coherent charge transport by paired electrons. Moreover, the measured resistance minima correspond to two fundamental matching configurations of fluxons in the dc-JJA, caused by magnetic frustration. The robust properties of the prepared dc-JJA demonstrate the opportunities for a fast preparation of complex device configurations using direct-write approaches.
In der Lichtmikroskopie gibt es heute viele fortgeschrittene Techniken, mit denen man beispielsweise das Wachstum lebender Organismen, kleinste Zellstrukturen oder das Eindringen von Bakterien in Zellen untersuchen kann. Die dafür benötigten Mikroskope sind teure Hightech-Geräte, deren Bedienung Übung erfordert. Damit die vorhandenen Geräte möglichst effizient genutzt werden können, hat die Goethe-Universität ihre Mikroskopie-Einrichtungen in verschiedenen Instituten auf dem Campus Riedberg im "Frankfurt Center for Advanced Light Microscopy" (FCAM) zusammengelegt. ...
Über keine Diagnose ist in den vergangenen Jahren weltweit so viel, so heftig und so kontrovers diskutiert worden wie über die Aufmerksamkeits- und Hyperaktivitätsstörung (AD[H]S) – und das gleichermaßen in der fachlichen wie der allgemeinen Öffentlichkeit. Eine besondere Brisanz erhält diese Diskussion, weil nicht wenige der betroffenen (überwiegend) Jungen nicht nur durch eine ausgeprägte Konzentrationsschwäche und motorische Unruhe, sondern zudem durch ein starkes antisoziales Verhalten auffallen. Sie handeln derart aggressiv, dass sie sich kaum sozial integrieren lassen und somit die Bildungsangebote im Kindergarten und mehr noch in Schulen nicht für ihre Entwicklung nutzen können. AD[H]S greift unabhängig von der sozialen Herkunft um sich: Den einen verbaut es den sozialen Aufstieg, andere bedroht es mit sozialem Abstieg. Neben der Diagnose wird vor allem die Behandlung mit Psychopharmaka kontrovers diskutiert. Knapp die Hälfte der Kinder, bei denen AD[H]S diagnostiziert wurde, bekommt entsprechende Medikamente, am häufigsten Präparate mit dem Wirkstoff Methylphenidat (Ritalin, Medikinet, Concerta), die insbesondere zwischen neun und zwölf Jahren verabreicht werden. Insgesamt wird die Zahl der medikamentös behandelten Kinder weltweit auf über zehn Millionen geschätzt. Sowohl bei der Häufigkeit der Diagnose als auch der psychopharmakologischen Behandlung gibt es international große Unterschiede: Neben den USA wird in Ländern wie Kanada, Australien und Norwegen besonders schnell zu Medikamenten gegriffen. Während diese Psychopharmaka 1993 lediglich in 13 Ländern eingesetzt wurden, sind es inzwischen weit mehr als 50 Länder. Auch Deutschland holt auf; dem neuesten Bericht des Bundesinstituts für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte sind enorme Steigerungsraten zu entnehmen: So hat der Verbrauch dieser Mittel zwischen 1993 und 2006 um 3591 Prozent, von 34 Kilogramm auf 1221 Kilogramm zugenommen! Gesundheitsexperten warnen vor einer Verordnung überhöhter Dosen und vor einer laxen Indikationsstellung. Vermutlich ist tatsächlich die Zahl der schweren AD[H]SFälle über die Jahre gleich geblieben, während die Zahl der diagnostizierten Kinder zugenommen hat, die vergleichsweise nur wenige und schwach ausgeprägte Symptome zeigen. Da es keine objektive Grenze zwischen »krank« und »gesund« gibt, weist jeder Diagnoseprozess eine Grauzone auf. Und da Methylphenidat auch das Leistungsvermögen von »gesunden« Kindern steigert, ist zu vermuten, dass die Präparate zur Verstärkung »normaler « Funktionen eingesetzt werden. ...