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Der damals neu gegründete Bochumer Botanische Verein übernahm im Jahre 2007 nach
einigen Jahren Pause die Organisation eines regionalen GEO-Tags der Artenvielfalt von der der BUND-Kreisgruppe Herne. Nachdem im Jahr 2010 die Kartierung der A 40 als Sonderaktion mit der Biologischen Station Westliches Ruhrgebiet und vielen anderen Partnern an
die Stelle des Geo-Tages trat, wurde 2011 wieder eine "gewöhnliche" Veranstaltung durchgeführt. Als Untersuchungsgebiet wurde das Naturschutzgebiet "Tippelsberg/Berger Mühle" im
Norden von Bochum – auch "Zillertal" oder "Tippelsberger Tal" genannt – inklusive des angrenzenden Tippelsberges ausgewählt. Dabei war ein wesentlicher Grund die hohe Strukturvielfalt aus naturnahen Waldgebieten und Halde mit Offenlandcharakter. Das NSG wird durch den Dorneburger Mühlenbach und seine Quellzuflüsse geprägt, die sich in ihren Oberläufen durch eine gute Wasserqualität auszeichnen. In diesen Quellbachtälern finden sich wertvolle Nasswiesenbrachen und Sumpfbereiche sowie Buchenmischwälder und
seltene Erlen-Eschen-Auenwälder. Im unteren Teil wird der Dorneburger Mühlenbach zu den
Stembergteichen aufgestaut, wobei der obere der Teiche noch naturnahe Schilfröhrichtzonen
aufweist. Südlich der Autobahn A43 schließt sich der Tippelsberg an, der ehemals als Bauschuttdeponie errichtet wurde und sich heute durch verschiedene Sukzessionsstadien
auszeichnet. Er gehört nicht zum Naturschutzgebiet. In einer Höhe von 150 m ü. NN (40 m über Geländeniveau) erlebt man hier insbesondere bei klarer Sicht einen weitreichenden Blick auf große Teile des Ruhrgebiets.
Der Bochumer Botaniker HUMPERT schreibt 1887:
"Dieses ThaI, eines der anmutigsten und botanisch reichhaltigsten, ist ringsum von Wald umgeben, so daß man dort von der alles überwuchernden und umgestaltenden Industrie, von
den hohen Schornsteinen der Umgebung so gut wie nichts wahrnimmt; man findet dort ein
Fleckchen Erde, wo die Natur, noch unbeeinflußt und ungehemmt durch das Vordringen der menschlichen Thätigkeit, in ursprünglicher Fülle und Mannigfaltigkeit ihre Schöpferkraft
entfaltet. In diesem Thale fließt auch einer der wenigen Bäche, die klares Wasser führen. Aus verschiedenen Quellen entstammend, sammelt sich dieses im Teiche oberhalb der Bergermühle, wird von hier aus für dieselbe nutzbar gemacht und fließt dann weiter durch das
ThaI". Leicht getrübt wurde die Vorfreude allerdings durch das schlechte Wetter:
"Der schlechteste Tag der Woche aber wird der Sonntag, an diesem Tag sollte man lieber verreisen! Es wird noch kälter, es gibt dauerhaften und ergiebigen Regen, es wird stürmisch ... "
(Wettervorhersage im WDR 2 für den 24.07.2011).
In Abwandlung des ursprünglichen Plans wurden dann am Sonntag wegen des strömenden Regens und des starken Windes die Bänke und Tische, Zelte und Infotafeln nicht auf der Kuppe des Tippelsberges aufgebaut, sondern gar nicht. Spaziergänger waren nicht zu
erwarten und den ganzen Tag auch nicht zu beobachten. Die Presse ließ sich ebenfalls nicht blicken. So traf man sich um 10 Uhr am Parkplatz, sprach sich Mut zu und teilte sich schließlich in zwei Gruppen auf. Die eine untersuchte den Tippelsberg selbst. Die reichlich erfolgten Ansaaten und vielen gepflanzten, zumeist gebietsfremden Arten boten wenig Heimisches, aber eine Fülle von Blüten, die bei sonnigem Wetter entsprechend viele Insekten angelockt
hätten. Die kleinere, zweite Gruppe machte sich ins Naturschutzgebiet selbst auf. Das geplante Kinderprogramm fiel mangels Kindern aus. Im Anschluss traf man sich im Haus der Natur in Herne, um dort die zahlreichen vorbereiteten Kuchen und sonstigen Köstlichkeiten
zu vertilgen.
Background: Chronic renal disease is a serious complication of long-term intravenous drug use (IVDU). Recent reports have postulated a changing pattern of underlying nephropathy over the last decades.
Methods: Retrospective investigation including all patients with prior or present IVDU that underwent renal biopsy because of chronic kidney disease between 01.04.2002 and 31.03.2012 in the city of Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Results: Twenty four patients with IVDU underwent renal biopsy because of progressive chronic kidney disease or proteinuria. Renal AA-amyloidosis was the predominant cause of renal failure in 50% of patients. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) was the second most common cause found in 21%. Patients with AA-amyloidosis were more likely to be HIV infected (67 vs.17%; p=0.036) and tended to have a higher rate of repeated systemic infections (92 vs. 50%; p=0.069). Patients with AA-amyloidosis presented with progressive renal disease and nephrotic-range proteinuria but most patients had no peripheral edema or systemic hypertension. Development of proteinuria preceded the decline of GFR for approximately 1--2 years.
Conclusions: AA-amyloidosis was the predominant cause of progressive renal disease in the last 10 years in patients with IVDU. The highest rate of AA-amyloidosis observed was seen in HIV infected patients with IVDU. We speculate that chronic HIV-infection as well as the associated immunosuppression might promote development of AA-amyloidosis by increasing frequency and duration of infections acquired by IVDU.
Background: Highly infectious diseases (HIDs) are defined as being transmissible from person to person, causing life-threatening illnesses and presenting a serious public health hazard. The sampling, handling and transport of specimens from patients with HIDs present specific bio-safety concerns. Findings The European Network for HID project aimed to record, in a cross-sectional study, the infection control capabilities of referral centers for HIDs across Europe and assesses the level of achievement to previously published guidelines. In this paper, we report the current diagnostic capabilities and bio-safety measures applied to diagnostic procedures in these referral centers. Overall, 48 isolation facilities in 16 European countries were evaluated. Although 81% of these referral centers are located near a biosafety level 3 laboratory, 11% and 31% of them still performed their microbiological and routine diagnostic analyses, respectively, without bio-safety measures.
Conclusions: The discrepancies among the referral centers surveyed between the level of practices and the European Network of Infectious Diseases (EUNID) recommendations have multiple reasons of which the interest of the individuals in charge and the investment they put in preparedness to emerging outbreaks. Despite the fact that the less prepared centers can improve by just updating their practice and policies any support to help them to achieve an acceptable level of biosecurity is welcome.
Perception is an active inferential process in which prior knowledge is combined with sensory input, the result of which determines the contents of awareness. Accordingly, previous experience is known to help the brain “decide” what to perceive. However, a critical aspect that has not been addressed is that previous experience can exert 2 opposing effects on perception: An attractive effect, sensitizing the brain to perceive the same again (hysteresis), or a repulsive effect, making it more likely to perceive something else (adaptation). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and modeling to elucidate how the brain entertains these 2 opposing processes, and what determines the direction of such experience-dependent perceptual effects. We found that although affecting our perception concurrently, hysteresis and adaptation map into distinct cortical networks: a widespread network of higher-order visual and fronto-parietal areas was involved in perceptual stabilization, while adaptation was confined to early visual areas. This areal and hierarchical segregation may explain how the brain maintains the balance between exploiting redundancies and staying sensitive to new information. We provide a Bayesian model that accounts for the coexistence of hysteresis and adaptation by separating their causes into 2 distinct terms: Hysteresis alters the prior, whereas adaptation changes the sensory evidence (the likelihood function).
We discuss deviations from the exponential decay law which occur when going beyond the BreitWigner distribution for an unstable state. In particular, we concentrate on an oscillating behavior, remisiscent of the Rabi-oscillations, in the short-time region. We propose that these oscillations can explain the socalled GSI anomaly, which measured superimposed oscillations on top of the exponential law for hydrogen-like nuclides decaying via electron-capture. Moreover, we discuss the possibility that the deviations from the Breit-Wigner in the case of the GSI anomaly are (predominantely) caused by the interaction of the unstable state with the measurement apparatus. The consequences of this scenario, such as the non-observation of oscillations in an analogous experiment perfromed at Berkley, are investigated.
Perchlorinated polysilanes were synthesized by polymerization of tetrachlorosilane under cold plasma conditions with hydrogen as a reducing agent. Subsequent selective cleavage of the resulting polymer yielded oligochlorosilanes SinCl2n+2 (n = 2, 3) from which the octachlorotrisilane (n = 3, Cl8Si3, OCTS) was used as a novel precursor for the synthesis of single-crystalline Si nanowires (NW) by the well-established vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism. By adding doping agents, specifically BBr3 and PCl3, we achieved highly p- and n-type doped Si-NWs by means of atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD). These as grown NWs were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as electrical measurements of the NWs integrated in four-terminal and back-gated MOSFET modules. The intrinsic NWs appeared to be highly crystalline, with a preferred growth direction of [111] and a specific resistivity of ρ = 6 kΩ·cm. The doped NWs appeared to be [112] oriented with a specific resistivity of ρ = 198 mΩ·cm for p-type Si-NWs and ρ = 2.7 mΩ·cm for n-doped Si-NWs, revealing excellent dopant activation.
We present experimental results and theoretical simulations of the adsorption behavior of the metal–organic precursor Co2(CO)8 on SiO2 surfaces after application of two different pretreatment steps, namely by air plasma cleaning or a focused electron beam pre-irradiation. We observe a spontaneous dissociation of the precursor molecules as well as autodeposition of cobalt on the pretreated SiO2 surfaces. We also find that the differences in metal content and relative stability of these deposits depend on the pretreatment conditions of the substrate. Transport measurements of these deposits are also presented. We are led to assume that the degree of passivation of the SiO2 surface by hydroxyl groups is an important controlling factor in the dissociation process. Our calculations of various slab settings, using dispersion-corrected density functional theory, support this assumption. We observe physisorption of the precursor molecule on a fully hydroxylated SiO2 surface (untreated surface) and chemisorption on a partially hydroxylated SiO2 surface (pretreated surface) with a spontaneous dissociation of the precursor molecule. In view of these calculations, we discuss the origin of this dissociation and the subsequent autocatalysis.
Als Weiterführung der im Vorjahr begonnenen Serie ber kritische und wenig bekannte Sippen im Aachener Raum werden hier weitere Sippen vorgestellt. Neu kombiniert werden Bromus mediterraneus (H. SCHOLZ & F. M. VÁZQUEZ) BOMBLE & PATZKE und Sagina leiosperma (THELL.) BOMBLE. Ansonsten werden behandelt: Anthyllis vulneraria s. str., Bromus scholzii BOMBLE & PATZKE ined. (mit E. PATZKE), Eryngium giganteum, Lotus suberectus, Melampyrum pratense, Melampyrum commutatum, Persicaria capitata (= Polygonum capitatum), Sagina micropetala, Sagina x normaniana, Sagina procumbens, Sagina subulata var. glabrata und Solanum luteovirescens (mit B. G. A. SCHMITZ).
The biological effects of energetic heavy ions are attracting increasing interest for their applications in cancer therapy and protection against space radiation. The cascade of events leading to cell death or late effects starts from stochastic energy deposition on the nanometer scale and the corresponding lesions in biological molecules, primarily DNA. We have developed experimental techniques to visualize DNA nanolesions induced by heavy ions. Nanolesions appear in cells as “streaks” which can be visualized by using different DNA repair markers. We have studied the kinetics of repair of these “streaks” also with respect to the chromatin conformation. Initial steps in the modeling of the energy deposition patterns at the micrometer and nanometer scale were made with MCHIT and TRAX models, respectively.