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There is no doubt that factual discourse exists in comics – the kind of communication that intends to be understood as a reference to a shared and actual reality. Factual comics are not, however, common. While the formal structure of comics clearly allows for factuality, the historical specificity of its aesthetics seems to introduce a non-binding but plausible 'drift' of the art form, ultimately pulling away from reality and towards fiction. This does not prevent factual comics, but it allows for subversive remnants in their aesthetic make-up. One of these is a 'parasitic imagination', which might be understood in the context of Michel Serres' concepts of the parasite. It opens up cartoonish depictions for tertiary significations beyond the drawing and its ultimate real reference. Rather than avoid this basic vehicle of comic book discourse, the 'challenge to factual comics' must be how to employ them in the service of the intended communication.
This study examines intraoral pressure for English and German stops in bilabial and alveolar place of articulation. Our subjects are two speakers of American English and three speakers of German. VOICING is the main phonological contrast under evaluation in both word initial and word final position. For initial stops, a few of the pressure characteristics showed differences between English and German, but on the whole the results point to similar production strategies at both places of articulation in the two different languages. Analysis of the pressure trajectory differences between VOICING categories in initial position raises questions about articulatory differences. In the initial closing gesture, time from start of gesture to closure is roughly equivalent for both categories, but the pressure change is significantly smaller on average for VOICED stops. Final stops, however, present a more complicated picture. German final stops are neutralized to a presumed VOICELESS phonological state. English final /p/ is broadly similar to German /p/, but English /t/ often shows no pressure increase at all which is at odds with the conventional account of phonation termination via pressure increase and loss of pressure differential. The results raise the question of whether the German final stops should be considered VOICELESS or some intermediate form, at least as compared to English final stops.
In this paper I argue that the set of formal features that can head a functional projection is not given by UG but derived through L1 acquisition. I formulate a hypothesis that says that initially every functional category F is realised as a semantic feature [F]; whenever there is an overt doubling effect in the L1 input with respect to F, this semantic feature [F] is reanalysed as a formal feature [i/uF]. In the first part of the paper I provide a theoretical motivation for this hypothesis, in the second part I test this proposal for a case-study, namely the cross-linguistic distribution of Negative Concord (NC). I demonstrate that in NC languages negation has been reanalysed as a formal feature [i/uNEG], whereas in Double Negation languages this feature remains a semantic feature [NEG] (always interpreted as a negative operator), thus paving the way for an explanation of NC in terms of syntactic agreement. In the third part I discuss that the application of the hypothesis to the phenomenon of negation yields two predictions that can be tested empirically. First I demonstrate that negative markers X° can be available only in NC languages; second, independent change of the syntactic status of negative markers, can invoke a change with respect to the exhibition of NC in a particular language. Both predictions are proven to be correct. I finally argue what the consequences of the proposal presented in this paper are for both the syntactic structure of the clause and second for the way parameters are associated to lexical items.
How the left-periphery of a wh-relative clause determines its syntactic and semantic relationships
(2004)
This paper discusses a certain class of German relative clauses which are characterized by a wh-expression overtly realized at the left periphery of the clause. While investigating empirical and theoretical issues regarding this class of relatives, it argues that a wh-relative clause relates syntactically to a functionally complete sentential projection and semantically to entities of various kinds that are abstracted from the matrix clause. What is shown is that this grammatical behaviour clearly can be attributed to the properties of the elements positioned at the left of a wh-relative clause. Finally, a lexically-based analysis couched in the framework of HPSG is given that accounts for the data presented.
Between 1816 and 1821, the philologist François Raynouard (1761–1836) published a "Choix des poésies originales des troubadours". His connections with Madame de Staël's cultural circle at Coppet determined the construction of the myth of courtly love as a forerunner of Romantic love. [...] Acording to this cultural tradition, Dante is an intermediate (although pre-eminent) step in the history of Western desire, a process begun in medieval Provence and revitalized by European Romanticism. When Lacan approaches Dante, it is therefore one Dante - this Dante - that he is approaching. The present essay, in which Fabio Camilletti analyses three tightly interwoven texts, explores some of the reverberations of this encounter. In 1958, Lacan published in "Critique" an article entitled 'La jeunesse d'André Gide, ou la lettre et le désir'. This text, later included in Lacan's "Écrits", was meant to be a review of a biography of the young Gide published in 1956 by Jean Delay, entitled "La jeunesse d'André Gide". In comparing Gide's life with his works of youth, Delay notably focused on Gide's novel of 1891, "Les Cahiers d'André Walter", the third text on which Camilletti focuses his inquiry. These three texts evoke in various ways the relationship between Dante and Beatrice, using it as a cultural allusion through which specific problems of sexuality (or, better, of the absence of sexuality) are conveyed. This essay aims therefore to be a study in the rhapsodic and subterranean presence of Dante and the "Vita Nova" between the end of the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries, as well as in the relationship between literature and psychoanalysis through the quartet Dante-Gide-Delay-Lacan.
Huwilogus
(2002)
Grammatisch-lexikalisches Lehrgedicht von 1246 Versen, mit lat. und dt. Glossierung. Der Titel (auch in der Form "Hugwilogus" bezeugt) ist mit Hilfe des Suffixes -logus aus dem Autornamen Hugutio in seinen spätmal. Varianten "Huwicio", "Hugwicio" gebildet. Als Verfasser nennt eine Prologglosse der Trierer Hs. einen Nicolaus Sehusen (Sehusen: ältere Namensform von Seesen, Kr. Gandersheim), während der Katalog der Erfurter Kartause das Werk einem Magister Nicolaus Engelhuß zuschreibt. Falls Sehusen Herkunftsbezeichnung ist, könnte Nicolaus Sehusen mit Nicolaus Engelhuß identisch sein. Mit dem 'Hubrilugus'-Wörterbuch des Hermann Kappel hat der 'Huwilogus' nichts zu tun. Überlieferung. Trier, StB , Hs. 1100/33, 8", 206r -240 r, Göttingen 1445, mit Kommentar; Wien, 3816, 175r -200v, "Gramatica Huhiligi", 15. Jh., aus dem Benediktinerkloster Mondsee, unvollst. Abschnitt aus Teil I "De nominibus", beginnend mit v. 194. Bezeugt sind ferner: ehem. Erfurt, Kartause Salvatorberg, M 25 (Mal. Bibl. Kat. 2, S. 478, 16); ehem. Erfurt, Artistenfakultät, XX 5, "Hugwilogus de significatione terminorum", Legat des Baccalaureus Johannes Sune aus Gotha (Mal. Bibl. Kat. 2, S. 171, 6f.). Das Werk beginnt mit einer kurzen Prosavorrede, die Zweck und Anlage erläutert (inc. "Ut benivolorum probitas grammaticali fructuositate salubrius roboretur" ...). Demnach ist es das Ziel des Verfassers, in Versform ("ut ergo opus memorie tenacius imprimatur") die Bedeutungen schwieriger Wörter festzulegen. Der Text (inc. "Lucrum fit questus, fit ceremonia questus ...") ist in zwei "Libri partiales" ("De nominibus"; "De verbis") gegliedert. Schwierigkeiten für den Lateinlernenden werden in erster Hinsicht von den Synonymen (z. B. "sanguis/cruor"), klangähnlichen Wörtern (Differentiae; z. B. "lepus/lapor") und mehrdeutigen Wörtern (Aequivoca; z.B. "dolus: 'prudentia'/'fraus' ") erwartet. Als lexikalische Autorität zitiert der Verfasser mehrfach "Hugwicio", d. h. den 'Liber derivatioilum' des Hugutio Pisanus. Daneben bezieht er sich wiederholt auf den 'Graecismus' des Eberhardus Bethuniensis; diesem steht der 'Huwilogus' dem Werktyp nach nahe, und ihm sind verschiedene Verse fast unverändert entnommen (z. B. entsprechen v. 2-6 des 'Huwilogus' den 'Graecismus'-vv. IX 4, 6, 10, 30, 44f.). Wie nicht zuletzt die Mitüberlieferung in den bezeugenden Hss. erkennen läßt, wurde das Werk im Studium der Triviumsfächer verwendet. Seine Wirkung blieb begrenzt. Die stellenweise eingestreuten dt. Worterklärungen im Text und im Kommentar der Trierer Hs. belegen, daß die Unterrichtspraxis nicht gänzlich ohne muttersprachliche Interpretamente auskam. Selbst im Merkvers ("Est castor beber, sed fiber dicitur otter", Kommentar f. 220 v) schließen sich Latein und Deutsch zusammen. Das Wiener Bruchstück bietet gleichfalls dt. Worterklärungen. L i t e r a t u r . LEHMANN, Erf. V, 1962, S. 61; G. POWITZ, Hubrilugus u. Huwilogus, ZfdA 93 (1964) 226-238, bes. S. 233-238; P. BECKER, Die Benediktinerabtei St. Eucharius-St. Matthias vor Trier (Germania Sacra. NF 34), 1996, S. 166 Nr. 220; U. KOHNE, Engelhus-Studien (Scrinium Friburgense 12), 1999, S. 167-170.
s.a.: Das Recht hybrider Netzwerke. Zeitschrift für das gesamte Handelsrecht und Wirtschaftsrecht 165, 2001, 550-575.. Italienische Fassung: Diritti ibridi: la costituzionalizzazione delle reti private di governance. In: Gunther Teubner, Costituzionalismo societario. Armando, Roma 2004 (im Erscheinen).
Das literarische Internet lässt sich auch als ein Raum des experimentellen Storytelling bezeichnen. Die Verlinktheit der digitalen Welt und ihre Möglichkeiten sowie Gefahren wurden zur Inspiration oder zum Thema von Experimenten, die untersuchten, welche Geschichten, Stories dadurch entstehen und wie sie digital erzählt werden können, beziehungsweise wie die RezipientInnen an dem Erzählen auch teilnehmen können.