Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (9)
- Part of a Book (2)
- Book (1)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
Language
- German (8)
- Portuguese (3)
- English (2)
Has Fulltext
- yes (13)
Keywords
- Anthropologie (13) (remove)
In their study on "The modern anthropology of Southeast Asia", Victor King and William Wilder raise the question in how far the region can be taken as a field of anthropological enquiry. After their initial discussion of cultural and social trends as well as anthropological studies, they conclude that the common issue of the region is its diversity. They come to the rather pragmatic solution that "South-East Asia constitutes a convenient unit of study, ... but ... we should not think of it in terms of a bounded, unified and homogenous socio-cultural area" (King/Wilder 2003: 24). We doubt that there are homogenous socio-cultural areas anywhere else. These are usually constructed through the invention of traditions and ideological simulations. The interesting case with regards to Southeast Asia is, why no such homogeneity has been constructed, not even by anthropologists or sociologists. ...
'[C]ulture as text' initially proved to be a pivotal bridging metaphor between cultural anthropology and literary studies. Following an admittedly ambivalent career path, the concept of 'culture as text' has nevertheless continued to rise and has become an over-determined general principle, an emphatic key metaphor, even an overall "programmatic motto for the study of culture" […]. At first, this concept was still closely connected to ethnographic research and to the semiotic framework of interpretive cultural anthropology. However, since the end of the 1990s it has been utilised to encompass a much broader interdisciplinary horizon for the study of culture. 'Culture as text' advanced from being a conceptual metaphor for the condensation of cultural meanings to a rather free-floating formula frequently referred to in analyses within disciplines involved in the study of culture. Surprisingly, 'culture as text' has remained a consistent key phrase throughout the discourses concerned with the study of culture—even after the culture debate had long since turned away from the holistic understanding of culture implied by the formula.
Ao analisar o drama "Os bandoleiros" (1781), de Friedrich Schiller, este artigo defende a tese segundo a qual o pensamento antropológico desenvolvido à época do iluminismo tardio alemão serve de fundamento não apenas para os discursos médico e historiográfico, mas também para uma parcela significativa da produção literária do período. Para tanto, na primeira seção deste artigo, investigam-se as bases de formação da cultura letrada e, particularmente, da cultura médica alemã na segunda metade do século XVIII, bem como as discussões à época vigentes em torno do conceito de antropologia. Na segunda e na terceira seções, discutem-se as tendências da pesquisa contemporânea que exploram os pontos de contato entre o conhecimento histórico, o pensamento antropológico e a produção literária no século das Luzes. Esses passos fundamentam a tese aqui defendida e segundo a qual o modo de representação literária operado por Schiller em "Os bandoleiros" é expressão direta do projeto de compreensão - em termos antropológicos - das totalidades integradas do homem e da história da humanidade.
Im 18. Jahrhundert waren die Varietäten des Menschen aus zwei Gründen kein ganz neues Thema mehr. Zum einen griff die Aufklärung auf eine umfangreiche Literatur der Weltumsegler. Missionsreisenden und Abenteurer zurück, die seit dem 15. Jahrhundert von der Vielfalt der Völker, der sie umgebenden Natur und ihren Gebräuchen zu berichten wussten. Das beginnt bei der Historia nalural y morals de las Indias des spanischen Jesuiten José de Acosta (1539/1540-1599/1600) von 1590, die schon die Vermutung formuliert hat, dass auch die Indianer mit den anderen Völkern verwandt und über eine Landbrücke aus Nordasien nach Amerika gelangt seien, und reicht dann bis zu Rousseau, Voltaire, Diderot und Helvétius. Die andere Tradition ist die der Philosophie, für die Descartes' Ableitung der Einheit des Menschengeschlechts aus den physiologische Gemeinsamkeiten einschließlich der menschlichen Seele steht, wie er sie in seinem Traité de I'homme formuliert hat, 1632 geschrieben und 1662 posthum unter dem Titel De homine veröffentlicht und die ihrerseits auf die Nachwirkungen der aristotelisch inspirierten Scholastik und im 16. Jahrhundert entstandenen Physiologie zurückgeht. Das Menschengeschlecht war eines, das entsprach der biblischen Vorstellung ebenso wie der aristotelisch angeleiteten Wissenschaftssystematik, nicht unnötig viele Theorien zu nutzen. Von den Varietäten war also so viel die Rede wie von der Einheit der Menschheit.
Seit dem frühen Tode von Parry und der posthumen Herausgabe seiner Schriften durch seinen Sohn (mit einer langen Einleitung, die die außergewöhnliche Leistung des Vaters unterstrich) bewegt sich die Literatur über Parry in der Spannung zwischen zwei Polen: auf der einen Seite steht die Idee, Parry habe die Forschung über Homer und über mündliche Poesie revolutioniert; auf der anderen die Vorstellung, Parry müsse vor allem als Träger und Weiterführer vieler Forschungstraditionen – der deutschen Philologie, der russischen und jugoslawischen Epenforschung, der amerikanischen Anthropologie und Folkloristik, der französischen Linguistik und Anthropologie – gelten. Uns interessiert hier weniger, ob Parry als Entdecker des wahren Homers oder als der "Darwin der Homer-Forschung" angesehen werden kann, sondern inwiefern wir seinen Forschungen etwas für die heutigen Diskussionen um Literatur und Anthropologie entnehmen können.
This paper, written by an anthropologist, describes his fieldwork experience in the Afro-Brazilian temple Casa das Minas, São Luis do Maranhão, in 1981-1982, done with the German writer Hubert Fichte. Although correcting some statements in Fichte's book on the same subject and criticizing his indiscretion towards several of his informants, the article emphasizes the learning process with the German "ethnopoet": his skillful interview technique, the priority given to subjects of general interest, the importance of card files, the sought for beauty in the statements… As to the methodological differences between ethnography and ethnopoetry, the latter is free from the conventions of anthropological work, being able to concentrate on the beauty of the text and to conceive ethnography as a literary form. On the other hand, the advantages of ethnography, especially in Malinowski's tradition, are in the commitment with true facts and the precision of details. – See also, in this number of Pandaemonium Germanicum, Willi Bolle's complementary article on "Ethnopoetry and Ethnography".
Although the first travels to America were largely motivated by material interests, the news about native peoples published in Europe by the travellers little by little influenced a conception of the world, which was still dominated by medieval traditions. In general, the experience of the alien was still described in the forms of the own, but gradually the empirical knowledge began to structure a new discourse. The author analyses the earliest books on voyages to Brazil in the middle of the l6th century by Hans Staden, Jean de Léry and André Thevet. He observes how they develop discursive orders of their own, trying to deal with strange phenomena. They mark a first step for Western thought in the process of creating a space for the alien, who really exists – in this case on the coast of Brazil.
Ethnopoesie und Ethnographie
(2001)
This paper is a comparative investigation of two kinds of anthropological fieldwork – ethnopoetry and ethnography – made by two authors on the same subject, at the same place and time: the Afro-Brazilian temple Casa das Minas, in São Luis do Maranhão, in 1981-1982. The analysis focuses on the work of the German writer Hubert Fichte(1935-1986), 'Das Haus der Mina in São Luis do Maranhão (l989), and on the study of the Brazilian anthropologist Sergio FERRETTI, 'Querenbentã de Zomadônu. Etnografia da Casa das Minas do Mamnhão' (1983 and 1996). The comparison of methods and results reveals, on the one hand, advantages of the ethnopoetical approach in the art of interview, priority given to the informants' discourse, and the interpretation of religious rituals, from a general point of view. On the other hand, the special qualities of the ethnographical approach are the theoretical understanding and the didactic transmission of the other culture, combined with the translation of basic concepts through a glossary. – See also, in this number of Pandaemonium Germanicum, Sergio Ferretti's complementary article on "Ethnography and Ethnopoetry".
In Völkerschaustellung in Deutschland und Frankreich von 1874 bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg werden ethnologische Ausstellungen fremder Kulturen und Völker als Phänomen der Kolonialzeit untersucht. Es wird deutlich, dass diese heute befremdlich wirkenden Völkerschauen keineswegs allein aus imperialen Politiken und Praktiken heraus erklärt werden können. Anhand deutscher und französischer Quellen – Zeitungen, Zeitschriften und ausgewählte Ego-Dokumente – werden die jeweiligen gesellschaftlichen Diskurse rund um die Völkerschauen vergleichend untersucht, dabei die Frage nach zeitgenössischen Imaginations- und Konstruktionsformen des Fremden oder nach Wahrnehmung und Attraktivität von Exotik gestellt. Jenseits kolonialer Propaganda – und trotz der nationalen Unterschiede in Darstellung und Inszenierung – können in beiden Ländern unternehmerische Interessen der Veranstalter und insbesondere Neugier und Unterhaltungsbedürfnis der Ausstellungsbesucher als wichtige Faktoren zur Erklärung des Phänomens der Völkerschauen und der sie begleitenden Diskurse herausgearbeitet werden.
In this Paper, the idea of "ethnopoetics" is seen not exclusively as the characteristic trait of Hubert Fichte's (1935-1986) work, but as one among several forms of New Ethnology, which appeared in the context of the crisis of traditional ethnology in the 20th century. The first part intends to conceptually clarify several issues introduced by Fichte, such as the transformation of the world into words, the connection between fieldwork and interpretation, the "participant observation", and the encounter between hegemonic and peripheral cultures, comparing them with the ethnographical essays of Lévi-Strauss, Malinowski, Evans-Pritchard and Ruth Benedict. The second part is devoted to Fichte's posthumous book "Explosion", published in 1993 – where he relates his experience of three journeys in Brazil, between 1969 and 1982, a text which may be considered as his working journal and guide to all his publications on Brazil. I discuss how far the author realized his proposals to write a "novel of ethnology" and to create a "new ethnology".