TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brasier, Madeleine J.
A1  - Barnes, David
A1  - Bax, Narissa
A1  - Brandt, Angelika
A1  - Christianson, Anne B.
A1  - Constable, Andrew J.
A1  - Downey, Rachel
A1  - Figuerola, Blanca
A1  - Griffiths, Huw
A1  - Gutt, Julian
A1  - Lockhart, Susanne
A1  - Morley, Simon A.
A1  - Post, Alexandra L.
A1  - Putte, Anton Van de
A1  - Saeedi, Hanieh
A1  - Stark, Jonathan S.
A1  - Sumner, Michael
A1  - Waller, Catherine L.
T1  - Responses of southern ocean seafloor habitats and communities to global and local drivers of change
T2  - Frontiers in Marine Science
N2  - Knowledge of life on the Southern Ocean seafloor has substantially grown since the beginning of this century with increasing ship-based surveys and regular monitoring sites, new technologies and greatly enhanced data sharing. However, seafloor habitats and their communities exhibit high spatial variability and heterogeneity that challenges the way in which we assess the state of the Southern Ocean benthos on larger scales. The Antarctic shelf is rich in diversity compared with deeper water areas, important for storing carbon (“blue carbon”) and provides habitat for commercial fish species. In this paper, we focus on the seafloor habitats of the Antarctic shelf, which are vulnerable to drivers of change including increasing ocean temperatures, iceberg scour, sea ice melt, ocean acidification, fishing pressures, pollution and non-indigenous species. Some of the most vulnerable areas include the West Antarctic Peninsula, which is experiencing rapid regional warming and increased iceberg-scouring, subantarctic islands and tourist destinations where human activities and environmental conditions increase the potential for the establishment of non-indigenous species and active fishing areas around South Georgia, Heard and MacDonald Islands. Vulnerable species include those in areas of regional warming with low thermal tolerance, calcifying species susceptible to increasing ocean acidity as well as slow-growing habitat-forming species that can be damaged by fishing gears e.g., sponges, bryozoan, and coral species. Management regimes can protect seafloor habitats and key species from fishing activities; some areas will need more protection than others, accounting for specific traits that make species vulnerable, slow growing and long-lived species, restricted locations with optimum physiological conditions and available food, and restricted distributions of rare species. Ecosystem-based management practices and long-term, highly protected areas may be the most effective tools in the preservation of vulnerable seafloor habitats. Here, we focus on outlining seafloor responses to drivers of change observed to date and projections for the future. We discuss the need for action to preserve seafloor habitats under climate change, fishing pressures and other anthropogenic impacts.
KW  - benthos
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - Southern Ocean
KW  - marine protected areas
KW  - vulnerable marine ecosystems
KW  - fishing
Y1  - 2021
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/62466
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-624667
SN  - 2296-7745
N1  - MB was supported by the Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre and PEW Charitable Trusts. RD was funded by an Australian Government Research Training Program (AGRTP). SM and HG were funded through NERC core funding to the British Antarctic Survey Biodiversity, Evolution and Adaptation Team. BF was supported by a postdoctoral contract Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación (IJCI-2017-31478) of Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. AV was funded by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO, contract n° FR/36/AN1/AntaBIS) in the Framework of EU-Lifewatch.
VL  - 8
IS  - art. 622721
SP  - 1
EP  - 30
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  -