TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gottwald, Jannis
A1  - Royauté, Raphaël
A1  - Becker, Marcel
A1  - Geitz, Tobias
A1  - Höchst, Jonas
A1  - Lampe, Patrick
A1  - Leister, Lea
A1  - Lindner, Kim
A1  - Maier, Julia
A1  - Rösner, Sascha
A1  - Schabo, Dana G.
A1  - Freisleben, Bernd
A1  - Brandl, Roland
A1  - Mueller, Thomas
A1  - Farwig, Nina
A1  - Nauss, Thomas
T1  - Classifying the activity states of small vertebrates using automated VHF telemetry
T2  - Methods in ecology and evolution
N2  - he most basic behavioural states of animals can be described as active or passive. While high-resolution observations of activity patterns can provide insights into the ecology of animal species, few methods are able to measure the activity of individuals of small taxa in their natural environment. We present a novel approach in which a combination of automatic radiotracking and machine learning is used to distinguish between active and passive behaviour in small vertebrates fitted with lightweight transmitters (<0.4 g).
We used a dataset containing >3 million signals from very-high-frequency (VHF) telemetry from two forest-dwelling bat species (Myotis bechsteinii [n = 52] and Nyctalus leisleri [n = 20]) to train and test a random forest model in assigning either active or passive behaviour to VHF-tagged individuals. The generalisability of the model was demonstrated by recording and classifying the behaviour of tagged birds and by simulating the effect of different activity levels with the help of humans carrying transmitters. The model successfully classified the activity states of bats as well as those of birds and humans, although the latter were not included in model training (F1 0.96–0.98).
We provide an ecological case-study demonstrating the potential of this automated monitoring tool. We used the trained models to compare differences in the daily activity patterns of two bat species. The analysis showed a pronounced bimodal activity distribution of N. leisleri over the course of the night while the night-time activity of M. bechsteinii was relatively constant. These results show that subtle differences in the timing of species' activity can be distinguished using our method.
Our approach can classify VHF-signal patterns into fundamental behavioural states with high precision and is applicable to different terrestrial and flying vertebrates. To encourage the broader use of our radiotracking method, we provide the trained random forest models together with an R package that includes all necessary data processing functionalities. In combination with state-of-the-art open-source automated radiotracking, this toolset can be used by the scientific community to investigate the activity patterns of small vertebrates with high temporal resolution, even in dense vegetation.
KW  - automated radiotelemetry system
KW  - bats
KW  - behaviour
KW  - birds
KW  - generalised additive models
KW  - machine learning
KW  - Myotis bechsteinii
KW  - Nyctalus leisleri
KW  - random forest
KW  - small animals
KW  - tRackIT
Y1  - 2022
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/74974
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-749748
SN  - 2041-210X
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
SP  - 252
EP  - 264
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Oxford [u.a.]
ER  -