TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jessl, Luzie
A1  - Scheider, Jessica
A1  - Oehlmann, Jörg
T1  - The domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus) embryo as an alternative for mammalian experiments – validation of a test method for the detection of endocrine disrupting chemicals
T2  - Chemosphere
N2  - In recent decades the embryo of Gallus g. domesticus has been widely used as a model for the study of early sexual development and the potential impact of substances affecting development, including endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Since there is no standardized procedure available for experiments with the chicken embryo, the objective of our project is to expedite the protocol to assess the potential effects of EDCs on early sexual differentiation. The main aim of the present study was to systematically investigate the natural variability of individual developmental and histological key parameters in untreated and solvent-treated control groups, since this has been insufficiently addressed so far. A further aim was to provide robust values for all parameters investigated in control and substance experiments, using two known estrogenic compounds, bisphenol A (75/150/300 μg/g egg) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (20 ng/g egg). On embryonic day 1 eggs were injected with the estrogenic compounds. On embryonic day 19 histological gonadal data as well as morphological parameters were noted. In baseline experiments with control groups the selected endpoints showed reproducible results with low variabilities. Furthermore, gonadal endpoints responded sensitively to the treatment with the two model EDCs. Thus, these endpoints are recommended for the assessment of suspected EDCs in which the values provided for all parameters can serve as validity criteria in future experiments. The embryo of G. domesticus has shown to be a suitable alternative to currently accepted mammalian bioassays for the impact assessment of EDCs on reproductive tissues.
KW  - Chicken embryo
KW  - Gonad
KW  - Sex differentiation
KW  - Animal replacement
KW  - Bisphenol A
KW  - 17a-ethinylestradiol
Y1  - 2017
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/45728
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-457282
SN  - 1879-1298
SN  - 0045-6535
N1  - © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
VL  - 196
SP  - 502
EP  - 513
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - Amsterdam [u. a.]
ER  -