TY - JOUR A1 - Kastirke, Gregor A1 - Schöffler, Markus S. A1 - Weller, Miriam A1 - Rist, Jonas A1 - Boll, Rebecca A1 - Anders, Nils A1 - Baumann, Thomas M. A1 - Eckart, Sebastian A1 - Erk, Benjamin A1 - De Fanis, Alberto A1 - Fehre, Kilian A1 - Gatton, Averell A1 - Grundmann, Sven Eric A1 - Grychtol, Patrik A1 - Hartung, Alexander A1 - Hofmann, Max A1 - Ilchen, Markus A1 - Janke, Christian Sören A1 - Kircher, Max A1 - Kunitski, Maksim A1 - Li, Xiang A1 - Mazza, Tommaso A1 - Melzer, Niklas A1 - Montano, Jacobo A1 - Music, Valerija A1 - Nalin, Giammarco A1 - Ovcharenko, Yevheniy A1 - Pier, Andreas A1 - Rennhack, Nils A1 - Rivas, Daniel E. A1 - Dörner, Reinhard A1 - Rolles, Daniel A1 - Rudenko, Artem A1 - Schmidt, Philipp A1 - Siebert, Juliane A1 - Strenger, Nico A1 - Trabert, Daniel A1 - Vela-Perez, Isabel A1 - Wagner, Rene A1 - Weber, Thorsten A1 - Williams, Joshua B. A1 - Ziolkowski, Pawel A1 - Schmidt, Lothar A1 - Czasch, Achim A1 - Trinter, Florian A1 - Meyer, Michael A1 - Ueda, Kiyoshi A1 - Demekhin, Philipp V. A1 - Jahnke, Till T1 - Benjamin doubaliphotoelectron diffraction imaging of a molecular breakup using an x-ray free-electron laser T2 - Physical review. X N2 - A central motivation for the development of x-ray free-electron lasers has been the prospect of time-resolved single-molecule imaging with atomic resolution. Here, we show that x-ray photoelectron diffraction—where a photoelectron emitted after x-ray absorption illuminates the molecular structure from within—can be used to image the increase of the internuclear distance during the x-ray-induced fragmentation of an O2 molecule. By measuring the molecular-frame photoelectron emission patterns for a two-photon sequential K-shell ionization in coincidence with the fragment ions, and by sorting the data as a function of the measured kinetic energy release, we can resolve the elongation of the molecular bond by approximately 1.2 a.u. within the duration of the x-ray pulse. The experiment paves the road toward time-resolved pump-probe photoelectron diffraction imaging at high-repetition-rate x-ray free-electron lasers. KW - Atomic and Molecular Physics Y1 - 2020 UR - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/54319 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-543193 SN - 2160-3308 N1 - Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 021052-1 EP - 021052-9 PB - APS CY - College Park, Md. ER -