TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sarkar, Ryan
A1  - Pampaloni, Francesco
T1  - In vitro models of bone marrow remodelling and immune dysfunction in space: present state and future directions
T2  - Biomedicines
N2  - Spaceflight affects the body on every level. Reports on astronaut health identify bone marrow remodelling and dysfunction of the innate immune system as significant health risks of long-term habitation in space. Microgravity-induced alterations of the bone marrow induce physical changes to the bone marrow stem cell niche. Downstream effects on innate immunity are expected due to impaired hematopoiesis and myelopoiesis. To date, few studies have investigated these effects in real microgravity and the sparsely available literature often reports contrasting results. This emphasizes a need for the development of physiologically relevant in vitro models of the bone marrow stem cell niche, capable of delivering appropriate sample sizes for robust statistics. Here, we review recent findings on the impact of spaceflight conditions on innate immunity in in vitro and animal models and discusses the latest in vitro models of the bone marrow stem cell niche and their potential translatability to gravitational biology research.
KW  - 3D cell culture
KW  - bone marrow niche
KW  - hematopoiesis
KW  - hematopoietic progenitor cells
KW  - innate immunity
KW  - mesenchymal stem cells
KW  - microgravity
KW  - myelopoiesis
Y1  - 2022
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/69289
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-692894
SN  - 2227-9059
N1  - This work was supported by the European Space Agency through Grant/Award Number: CORA-GBF-2017-001 and the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (German Aerospace Center) through grant 50WB2019. The publication fees were supported by the Open Access Fund of Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4, art. 766
SP  - 1
EP  - 25
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  -