TY - JOUR A1 - Giorno, Filomena A1 - Wolters-Arts, Mieke A1 - Grillo, Stefania A1 - Scharf, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Vriezen, Wim H. A1 - Mariani, Celestina T1 - Developmental and heat stress-regulated expression of HsfA2 and small heat shock proteins in tomato anthers T2 - The journal of experimental botany N2 - The high sensitivity of male reproductive cells to high temperatures may be due to an inadequate heat stress response. The results of a comprehensive expression analysis of HsfA2 and Hsp17-CII, two important members of the heat stress system, in the developing anthers of a heat-tolerant tomato genotype are reported here. A transcriptional analysis at different developmental anther/pollen stages was performed using semi-quantitative and real-time PCR. The messengers were localized using in situ RNA hybridization, and protein accumulation was monitored using immunoblot analysis. Based on the analysis of the gene and protein expression profiles, HsfA2 and Hsp17-CII are finely regulated during anther development and are further induced under both short and prolonged heat stress conditions. These data suggest that HsfA2 may be directly involved in the activation of protection mechanisms in the tomato anther during heat stress and, thereby, may contribute to tomato fruit set under adverse temperatures. Key words: Anther development, heat stress, HsfA2, Hsp17-CII, pollen, tomato KW - anther development KW - heat stress KW - HsfA2 KW - Hsp17-CII KW - pollen KW - tomato Y1 - 2009 UR - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7359 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30-73387 SN - 1460-2431 SN - 0022-0957 N1 - © 2009 The Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This paper is available online free of all access charges (see http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html for further details) VL - 61 IS - 2 SP - 453 EP - 462 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER -