TY  - JOUR
A1  - Galarraga‐Vinueza, Maria Elisa
A1  - Dohle, Eva
A1  - Ramanauskaite, Ausra
A1  - Maawi, Sarah al-
A1  - Obreja, Karina Anne-Marie
A1  - Magini, Ricardo
A1  - Sader, Robert Alexander
A1  - Ghanaati, Shahram Michael
A1  - Schwarz, Frank
T1  - Anti‐inflammatory and macrophage polarization effects of Cranberry Proanthocyanidins (PACs) for periodontal and peri‐implant disease therapy
T2  - Journal of periodontal research
N2  - Background and Objective: Macrophages’ cytokine expression and polarization play a substantial role in the host's “destructive” inflammatory response to periodontal and peri‐implant pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate cell viability, anti‐inflammatory activity, and macrophage polarization properties of different cranberry concentrates.
Methods: THP‐1 cells (monocytic line) were treated with phorbol myristic acid to induce macrophage differentiation. Human gingival fibroblasts (HFIB‐G cell line), osteosarcoma‐derived osteoblasts (SAOS‐2 cell line), and induced macrophages were treated with cranberry concentrates at 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL for 120 seconds, 1 hour and 24 hours. Untreated cells at the same time points served as controls. For anti‐inflammatory analysis, induced macrophages exposed to cranberry concentrates (A‐type PACs) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from E coli for 24 hours. Cell viability, interleukin (IL)‐8, IL‐1 ß, IL‐6, and IL‐10 expression of LPS‐stimulated macrophages, and macrophage polarization markers were evaluated through determination of live‐cell protease activity, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescence staining semi‐quantification.
Results: Cranberry concentrates (A‐type PACs) did not reduce HGF, SAOS‐2, and macrophage viability after 24 hours of exposure. Pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression (ie IL‐8 and IL‐6) was downregulated in LPS‐stimulated macrophages by cranberry concentrates at 50 and 100 µg/mL. Anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 expression was significantly upregulated in LPS‐stimulated macrophages by cranberry concentrates at 100 µg/mL after 24 hours of exposure. M1 polarization significantly decreased when LPS‐stimulated macrophages were exposed to cranberry concentrates. High levels of positive M1 macrophages were present in all untreated control groups. M2 polarization significantly increased at all LPS‐stimulated macrophages exposed to cranberry concentrates for 1 and 24 hours.
Conclusion: Cranberry‐derived proanthocyanidins may have the potential to act as an anti‐inflammatory component in the therapy of periodontal and peri‐implant diseases.
KW  - anti-inflammatory agents
KW  - cranberry
KW  - interleukins
KW  - macrophage polarization
KW  - peri-implantitis
KW  - periodontitis
KW  - proanthocyanidin
Y1  - 2020
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/57081
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-570813
SN  - 1600-0765
VL  - 55
IS  - 6
SP  - 821
EP  - 829
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford [u.a.]
ER  -