TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stolz, Leonie
A1  - Derouiche, Amin
A1  - Devraj, Kavi
A1  - Weber, Frank
A1  - Brunkhorst, Robert
A1  - Förch, Christian
T1  - Anticoagulation with warfarin and rivaroxaban ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
T2  - Journal of neuroinflammation
N2  - Background: In multiple sclerosis, coagulation factors have been shown to modulate inflammation. In this translational study, we investigated whether long-term anticoagulation with warfarin or rivaroxaban has beneficial effects on the course of autoimmune experimental encephalomyelitis (EAE).
Methods: Female SJL/J mice treated with anticoagulants namely warfarin or rivaroxaban were immunized with PLP139–151. Stable anticoagulation was maintained throughout the entire experiment. Mice without anticoagulation treated with the vehicle only were used as controls. The neurological deficit was recorded during the course of EAE, and histopathological analyses of inflammatory lesions were performed.
Results: In preventive settings, both treatment with warfarin and rivaroxaban reduced the maximum EAE score as compared to the control group and led to a reduction of inflammatory lesions in the spinal cord. In contrast, therapeutic treatment with warfarin had no beneficial effects on the clinical course of EAE. Signs of intraparenchymal hemorrhage at the site of the inflammatory lesions were not observed.
Conclusion: We developed long-term anticoagulation models that allowed exploring the course of EAE under warfarin and rivaroxaban treatment. We found a mild preventive effect of both warfarin and rivaroxaban on neurological deficits and local inflammation, indicating a modulation of the disease induction by anticoagulation.
KW  - multiple sclerosis
KW  - Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
KW  - Inflammation
KW  - Mice
KW  - Anticoagulation
Y1  - 2017
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/45790
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-457902
SN  - 1742-2094
N1  - Open Access: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
VL  - 14
IS  - 1, Art. 152
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  -