TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vogel, Johanna
A1  - Niederer, Daniel
A1  - Jung, Georg
A1  - Troidl, Kerstin
T1  - Exercise-induced vascular adaptations under artificially versus pathologically reduced blood flow: a focus review with special emphasis on arteriogenesis
T2  - Cells
N2  - Background: The vascular effects of training under blood flow restriction (BFR) in healthy persons can serve as a model for the exercise mechanism in lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) patients. Both mechanisms are, inter alia, characterized by lower blood flow in the lower limbs. We aimed to describe and compare the underlying mechanism of exercise-induced effects of disease- and external application-BFR methods. Methods: We completed a narrative focus review after systematic literature research. We included only studies on healthy participants or those with LEAD. Both male and female adults were considered eligible. The target intervention was exercise with a reduced blood flow due to disease or external application. Results: We identified 416 publications. After the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 39 manuscripts were included in the vascular adaption part. Major mechanisms involving exercise-mediated benefits in treating LEAD included: inflammatory processes suppression, proinflammatory immune cells, improvement of endothelial function, remodeling of skeletal muscle, and additional vascularization (arteriogenesis). Mechanisms resulting from external BFR application included: increased release of anabolic growth factors, stimulated muscle protein synthesis, higher concentrations of heat shock proteins and nitric oxide synthase, lower levels in myostatin, and stimulation of S6K1. Conclusions: A main difference between the two comparators is the venous blood return, which is restricted in BFR but not in LEAD. Major similarities include the overall ischemic situation, the changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression, and the increased production of NOS with their associated arteriogenesis after training with BFR.
KW  - lower extremity arterial disease
KW  - peripheral arterial disease
KW  - blood flow restriction
KW  - activity-based benefits
KW  - training effects
KW  - effect mechanism
Y1  - 2020
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/54437
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-544375
VL  - 9
IS  - 333
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  -