TY - JOUR A1 - Bärtsch, Marc-Andrea A1 - Mai, Elias K. A1 - Hielscher, Thomas A1 - Bertsch, Uta A1 - Salwender, Hans J. A1 - Munder, Markus A1 - Fuhrmann, Stephan A1 - Dührsen, Ulrich A1 - Brossart, Peter A1 - Neben, Kai A1 - Schlenzka, Jana A1 - Kunz, Christina A1 - Raab, Marc-Steffen A1 - Hillengaß, Jens A1 - Jauch, Anna A1 - Seckinger, Anja A1 - Hose, Dirk A1 - Luntz, Steffen A1 - Sonneveld, Pieter A1 - Lokhorst, Henk A1 - Martin, Hans A1 - Görner, Martin A1 - Hoffmann, Martin A1 - Lindemann, Hans-Walter A1 - Bernhard, Helga A1 - Blau, Igor-Wolfgang A1 - Scheid, Christof A1 - Besemer, Britta A1 - Weisel, Katja C. A1 - Hänel, Mathias A1 - Dürig, Jan A1 - Goldschmidt, Hartmut T1 - Lenalidomide versus bortezomib maintenance after frontline autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma T2 - Blood cancer journal N2 - Lenalidomide (LEN) maintenance (MT) post autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is standard of care in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) but has not been compared to other agents in clinical trials. We retrospectively compared bortezomib (BTZ; n = 138) or LEN (n = 183) MT from two subsequent GMMG phase III trials. All patients received three cycles of BTZ-based triplet induction and post-ASCT MT. BTZ MT (1.3 mg/m2 i.v.) was administered every 2 weeks for 2 years. LEN MT included two consolidation cycles (25 mg p.o., days 1–21 of 28 day cycles) followed by 10–15 mg/day for 2 years. The BTZ cohort more frequently received tandem ASCT (91% vs. 33%) due to different tandem ASCT strategies. In the LEN and BTZ cohort, 43% and 46% of patients completed 2 years of MT as intended (p = 0.57). Progression-free survival (PFS; HR = 0.83, p = 0.18) and overall survival (OS; HR = 0.70, p = 0.15) did not differ significantly with LEN vs. BTZ MT. Patients with