TY  - INPR
A1  - Loisios-Konstantinidis, Ioannis
A1  - Paraiso, Rafael L.M.
A1  - Fotaki, Nikoletta
A1  - McAllister, Mark
A1  - Cristofoletti, Rodrigo
A1  - Dressman, Jennifer B.
T1  - Application of the relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in drug development and therapeutic equivalence: a PEARRL review
N2  - Objectives: The objective of this review is to provide an overview of PK/PD models, focusing on drug-specific PK/PD models and highlighting their value-added in drug development and regulatory decision-making.
Key findings: Many PK/PD models, with varying degrees of complexity and physiological understanding, have been developed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of drug products. In special populations (e.g. pediatrics), in cases where there is genetic polymorphism and in other instances where therapeutic outcomes are not well described solely by PK metrics, the implementation of PK/PD models is crucial to assure the desired clinical outcome. Since dissociation between the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles is often observed, it is proposed that physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) and PK/PD models be given more weight by regulatory authorities when assessing the therapeutic equivalence of drug products.
Summary: Modeling and simulation approaches already play an important role in drug development. While slowly moving away from “one-size fits all” PK methodologies to assess therapeutic outcomes, further work is required to increase confidence in PK/PD models in translatability and prediction of various clinical scenarios to encourage more widespread implementation in regulatory decision-making.
KW  - pharmacokinetics/ pharmacodynamics (PK/PD),
KW  - modeling & simulation
KW  - drug development
KW  - regulatory science
KW  - bioequivalence
KW  - therapeutic equivalence
Y1  - 2019
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/50044
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-500442
N1  - As part of the PEARRL ITN under Marie Sklodowska Curie actions EU Horizon 2020 guidlines, I submit for open access to the JWGU library repository the above scientific review article
N1  - Preprint, später in: Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 71(4), 699-723, 2019
SP  - 1
EP  - 53
ER  -