TY  - JOUR
A1  - Meier, Sylvia
A1  - Petzel-Witt, Silvana
A1  - Schubert-Zsilavecz, Manfred
A1  - Perna, Elizabeth B. de Sousa Fernandes
A1  - Theunissen, Eef L.
A1  - Ramaekers, Johannes G.
A1  - Tönnes, Stefan W.
T1  - Analysis of 4-fluoroamphetamine in cerumen after controlled oral application
T2  - Drug testing and analysis
N2  - Cerumen was found to be a promising alternative specimen for the detection of drugs. In a pilot study, drugs of abuse were identified at a higher detection rate and a longer detection window in cerumen than in urine. In this study, cerumen from subjects was analyzed after they ingested the designer stimulant 4-fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) in a controlled manner. Methods: Twelve subjects ingested placebo and 100 mg of 4-FA. Five of them were also given 150 mg of 4-FA in 150 mL Royal Club bitter lemon drink at least after 7 days. Cerumen was sampled using cotton swabs at baseline, 1 h after the ingestion of the drug and at the end of the study day (12 h). After extraction with ethyl acetate followed by solid-phase extraction, the extracts were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Results and discussion: In the cerumen of all 12 subjects, 4-FA was detected 12 h after its ingestion; in most subjects, cerumen was detected after 1 h of ingestion, ranging from 0.06 to 13.90 (median 1.52) ng per swab. The detection of 4-FA in cerumen sampled 7 days or more after the first dose suggested a long detection window of cerumen. Conclusions: Cerumen can be successfully used to detect a single drug ingestion even immediately after the ingestion when a sufficient amount of cerumen is used.
KW  - 4-fluoroamphetamine
KW  - alternative matrices
KW  - cerumen
KW  - drug abstinence
KW  - liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Y1  - 2020
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/63873
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-638733
SN  - 1942-7611
VL  - 12
IS  - 7
SP  - 968
EP  - 974
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken, NJ
ER  -