TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blackford, Christopher L.
A1  - Dennis, Eric G.
A1  - Keyzers, Robert A.
A1  - Schüürmann, Claudia
A1  - Trengove, Robert D.
A1  - Boss, Paul K.
T1  - Fermentation-guided natural products isolation of a grape berry triacylglyceride that enhances ethyl ester production
T2  - Molecules
N2  - A full understanding of the origin, formation and degradation of volatile compounds that contribute to wine aroma is required before wine style can be effectively managed. Fractionation of grapes represents a convenient and robust method to simplify the grape matrix to enhance our understanding of the grape contribution to volatile compound production during yeast fermentation. In this study, acetone extracts of both Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries were fractionated and model wines produced by spiking aliquots of these grape fractions into model grape juice must and fermented. Non-targeted SPME-GCMS analyses of the wines showed that several medium chain fatty acid ethyl esters were more abundant in wines made by fermenting model musts spiked with certain fractions. Further fractionation of the non-polar fractions and fermentation of model must after addition of these fractions led to the identification of a mixture of polyunsaturated triacylglycerides that, when added to fermenting model must, increase the concentration of medium chain fatty acid ethyl esters in wines. Dosage-response fermentation studies with commercially-available trilinolein revealed that the concentration of medium chain fatty acid ethyl esters can be increased by the addition of this triacylglyceride to model musts. This work suggests that grape triacylglycerides can enhance the production of fermentation-derived ethyl esters and show that this fractionation method is effective in segregating precursors or factors involved in altering the concentration of fermentation volatiles.
KW  - grapes
KW  - wine
KW  - fractionation
KW  - ester
KW  - SPME-GCMS
KW  - chromatography
KW  - aroma
KW  - fermentation
KW  - triacylglycerides
Y1  - 2018
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/45727
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-457276
SN  - 1420-3049
N1  - This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. (CC BY 4.0).
VL  - 23
IS  - 1, Art. 152
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  -