TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hildebrandt, Anke
A1  - Zintl, Annetta
A1  - Montero, Estrella
A1  - Hunfeld, Klaus-Peter
A1  - Gray, Jeremy
T1  - Human babesiosis in Europe
T2  - Pathogens
N2  - Babesiosis is attracting increasing attention as a worldwide emerging zoonosis. The first case of human babesiosis in Europe was described in the late 1950s and since then more than 60 cases have been reported in Europe. While the disease is relatively rare in Europe, it is significant because the majority of cases present as life-threatening fulminant infections, mainly in immunocompromised patients. Although appearing clinically similar to human babesiosis elsewhere, particularly in the USA, most European forms of the disease are distinct entities, especially concerning epidemiology, human susceptibility to infection and clinical management. This paper describes the history of the disease and reviews all published cases that have occurred in Europe with regard to the identity and genetic characteristics of the etiological agents, pathogenesis, aspects of epidemiology including the eco-epidemiology of the vectors, the clinical courses of infection, diagnostic tools and clinical management and treatment.
KW  - European babesiosis
KW  - Babesia divergens
KW  - Babesia venatorum
KW  - Babesia microti
KW  - Ixodes ricinus
KW  - parasite identity
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - clinical cases
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - treatment
Y1  - 2021
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/62178
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-621782
SN  - 2076-0817
N1  - Funding has been provided by a grant from the Society for Promoting Quality Assurance in Medical Laboratories (INSTAND, e.V. Düsseldorf) and a grant from the Health Institute Carlos III (PI20CIII/00037 to EM and LGM), Spain.
VL  - 10
IS  - 9, art. 1165
SP  - 1
EP  - 29
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  -