TY  - JOUR
A1  - Weber, Annkatrin
A1  - Randow, Marvin von
A1  - Voigt, Anna-Lisa
A1  - Au, Marcus von der
A1  - Fischer, Emily
A1  - Meermann, Björn
A1  - Wagner, Martin
T1  - Ingestion and toxicity of microplastics in the freshwater gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis: no microplastic-induced effects alone or in combination with copper
T2  - Chemosphere
N2  - The interaction of microplastics with freshwater biota and their interaction with other stressors is still not very well understood. Therefore, we investigated the ingestion, excretion and toxicity of microplastics in the freshwater gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis.

MP ingestion was analyzed as tissues levels in L. stagnalis after 6–96 h of exposure to 5–90 μm spherical polystyrene (PS) microplastics. To understand the excretion, tissue levels were determined after 24 h of exposure followed by a 12 h–7 d depuration period. To assess the toxicity, snails were exposed for 28 d to irregular PS microplastics (<63 μm, 6.4–100,000 particles mL−1), both alone and in combination with copper as additional stressor. To compare the toxicity of natural and synthetic particles, we also included diatomite particles. Microplastics ingestion and excretion significantly depended on the particle size and the exposure/depuration duration. An exposure to irregular PS had no effect on survival, reproduction, energy reserves and oxidative stress. However, we observed slight effects on immune cell phagocytosis. Exposure to microplastics did not exacerbate the reproductive toxicity of copper. In addition, there was no pronounced difference between the effects of microplastics and diatomite. The tolerance towards microplastics may originate from an adaptation of L. stagnalis to particle-rich environments or a general stress resilience. In conclusion, despite high uptake rates, PS fragments do not appear to be a relevant stressor for stress tolerant freshwater gastropods considering current environmental levels of microplastics.
KW  - Invertebrates
KW  - Microplastic
KW  - Mixture toxicity
KW  - Mollusks
KW  - Multiple stressors
KW  - Pond snail
Y1  - 2020
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/63120
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-631204
SN  - 1879-1298
N1  - The German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) is gratefully acknowledged for funding.
VL  - 263
IS  - art. 128040
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER  -