TY  - JOUR
A1  - Chandrasekar, Manju Padmasekar
A1  - Savai, Rajkumar
A1  - Seeger, Werner
A1  - Pullamsetti, Soni Savai
T1  - Exposomes to exosomes: exosomes as tools to study epigenetic adaptive mechanisms in high-altitude humans
T2  - International journal of environmental research and public health
N2  - Humans on earth inhabit a wide range of environmental conditions and some environments are more challenging for human survival than others. However, many living beings, including humans, have developed adaptive mechanisms to live in such inhospitable, harsh environments. Among different difficult environments, high-altitude living is especially demanding because of diminished partial pressure of oxygen and resulting chronic hypobaric hypoxia. This results in poor blood oxygenation and reduces aerobic oxidative respiration in the mitochondria, leading to increased reactive oxygen species generation and activation of hypoxia-inducible gene expression. Genetic mechanisms in the adaptation to high altitude is well-studied, but there are only limited studies regarding the role of epigenetic mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to understand the epigenetic mechanisms behind high-altitude adaptive and maladaptive phenotypes. Hypobaric hypoxia is a form of cellular hypoxia, which is similar to the one suffered by critically-ill hypoxemia patients. Thus, understanding the adaptive epigenetic signals operating in in high-altitude adjusted indigenous populations may help in therapeutically modulating signaling pathways in hypoxemia patients by copying the most successful epigenotype. In addition, we have summarized the current information about exosomes in hypoxia research and prospects to use them as diagnostic tools to study the epigenome of high-altitude adapted healthy or maladapted individuals.
KW  - high-altitude adaptation
KW  - high-altitude pulmonary hypertension
KW  - hypobaric hypoxia
KW  - epigenetics
KW  - exosomes
Y1  - 2021
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/62196
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-621966
SN  - 1660-4601
N1  - This work was supported by the Max Planck Society (MPS), Institute for lung health (ILH), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), DFG, SFB 1213 (Project A01, A05 to SSP and Project A10* to RS), and European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Grant (#866051 to SSP).
VL  - 18.2021
IS  - 16, art. 8280
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
PB  - MDPI AG
CY  - Basel
ER  -