TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stürmer, Martin
A1  - Doerr, Hans Wilhelm
A1  - Gürtler, Lutz
T1  - Human immunodeficiency virus : 25 years of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and their impact on hepatitis B and C virus
T2  - Medical microbiology and immunology
N2  - The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) had spread unrecognized in the human population as sexually transmitted disease and was finally identified by its disease AIDS in 1981. Even after the isolation of the causative agent in 1983, the burden and death rate of AIDS accelerated worldwide especially in young people despite the confection of new drugs capable to inhibit virus replication since 1997. However, at least in industrialised countries, this trend could be reversed by the introduction of combination therapy strategies. The design of new drugs is on going; besides the inhibition of the three enzymes of HIV for replication and maturation (reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease), further drugs inhibits fusion of viral and cellular membranes and virus maturation. On the other hand, viral diagnostics had been considerably improved since the emergence of HIV. There was a need to identify infected people correctly, to follow up the course of immune reconstitution of patients by measuring viral load and CD4 cells, and to analyse drug escape mutations leading to drug resistance. Both the development of drugs and the refined diagnostics have been transferred to the treatment of patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). This progress is not completed; there are beneficial aspects in the response of the scientific community to the HIV burden for the management of other viral diseases. These aspects are described in this contribution. Further aspects as handling a stigmatising disease, education of self-responsiveness within sexual relationships, and ways for confection of a protective vaccine are not covered.
KW  - HIV
KW  - HBV
KW  - HCV
KW  - Diagnostics
KW  - Therapy
Y1  - 2009
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/30126
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-301262
SN  - 1432-1831
SN  - 0300-8584
N1  - Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
VL  - 198
IS  - 3
SP  - 147
EP  - 155
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin ; Heidelberg
ER  -