TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pupillo, Francesco
A1  - Bruckner, Rasmus
T1  - Signed and unsigned effects of prediction error on memory: Is it a matter of choice?
T2  - Neuroscience & biobehavioral reviews
N2  - Adaptive decision-making is governed by at least two types of memory processes. On the one hand, learned predictions through integrating multiple experiences, and on the other hand, one-shot episodic memories. These two processes interact, and predictions – particularly prediction errors – influence how episodic memories are encoded. However, studies using computational models disagree on the exact shape of this relationship, with some findings showing an effect of signed prediction errors and others showing an effect of unsigned prediction errors on episodic memory. We argue that the choice-confirmation bias, which reflects stronger learning from choice-confirming compared to disconfirming outcomes, could explain these seemingly diverging results. Our perspective implies that the influence of prediction errors on episodic encoding critically depends on whether people can freely choose between options (i.e., instrumental learning tasks) or not (Pavlovian learning tasks). The choice-confirmation bias on memory encoding might have evolved to prioritize memory representations that optimize reward-guided decision-making. We conclude by discussing open issues and implications for future studies.
KW  - Prediction error
KW  - Episodic memory
KW  - Computational models
KW  - Choice-confirmation bias
KW  - Positivity bias
Y1  - 2023
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/76270
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-762704
SN  - 0149-7634
VL  - 153
IS  - 105371
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER  -