TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brauner, Tomáš
T1  - Spontaneous symmetry breaking and Nambu–Goldstone bosons in quantum many-body systems
T2  - Symmetry
N2  - Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a general principle that constitutes the underlying concept of a vast number of physical phenomena ranging from ferromagnetism and superconductivity in condensed matter physics to the Higgs mechanism in the standard model of elementary particles. I focus on manifestations of spontaneously broken symmetries in systems that are not Lorentz invariant, which include both nonrelativistic systems as well as relativistic systems at nonzero density, providing a self-contained review of the properties of spontaneously broken symmetries specific to such theories. Topics covered include: (i) Introduction to the mathematics of spontaneous symmetry breaking and the Goldstone theorem. (ii) Minimization of Higgs-type potentials for higher-dimensional representations. (iii) Counting rules for Nambu–Goldstone bosons and their dispersion relations. (iv) Construction of effective Lagrangians. Specific examples in both relativistic and nonrelativistic physics are worked out in detail.
KW  - spontaneous symmetry breaking
KW  - Nambu–Goldstone bosons
KW  - effective field theory
Y1  - 2010
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/25311
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-253115
SN  - 2073-8994
VL  - 2.2010
IS  - 2
SP  - 609
EP  - 657
PB  - Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
CY  - Basel
ER  -