TY - JOUR A1 - Jesus, Vanessa de A1 - Qureshi, Nusrat A1 - Warhaut, Sven A1 - Bains, Jasleen Kaur A1 - Dietz, Marina A1 - Heilemann, Mike A1 - Schwalbe, Harald A1 - Fürtig, Boris T1 - Switching at the ribosome: riboswitches need rProteins as modulators to regulate translation T2 - Nature Communications N2 - Translational riboswitches are cis-acting RNA regulators that modulate the expression of genes during translation initiation. Their mechanism is considered as an RNA-only gene-regulatory system inducing a ligand-dependent shift of the population of functional ON- and OFF-states. The interaction of riboswitches with the translation machinery remained unexplored. For the adenine-sensing riboswitch from Vibrio vulnificus we show that ligand binding alone is not sufficient for switching to a translational ON-state but the interaction of the riboswitch with the 30S ribosome is indispensable. Only the synergy of binding of adenine and of 30S ribosome, in particular protein rS1, induces complete opening of the translation initiation region. Our investigation thus unravels the intricate dynamic network involving RNA regulator, ligand inducer and ribosome protein modulator during translation initiation. KW - RNA KW - Solution-state NMR Y1 - 2021 UR - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/79968 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-799680 SN - 2041-1723 N1 - The work was supported by funds from DFG in collaborative research center 902: “Molecular principles of RNA-based regulation” and in Graduate College GRK1986 (CLIC). Work at BMRZ is supported by the state of Hesse (HMWK). Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. VL - 12 IS - art. 4723 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Nature Publishing Group UK CY - [London] ER -