TY  - JOUR
A1  - Grímsson, Friðgeir
A1  - Ulrich, Silvia
A1  - Zetter, Reinhard
A1  - Hörnschemeyer, Thomas
A1  - Engel, Michael S.
A1  - Wedmann, Sonja
T1  - How to extract and analyze pollen from internal organs and exoskeletons of fossil insects
T2  - STAR Protocols
N2  - Highlights
• Protocol for extracting and analyzing pollen grains from fossil insects
• Individual fossil grains can be analyzed using a combined approach
• Simple and fast TEM embedding and sectioning protocol
• Protocol enables a taxonomic assignment of pollen
Summary
This protocol explains how to extract pollen from fossil insects with subsequent descriptions of pollen treatment. We also describe how to document morphological and ultrastructural features with light-microscopy and electron microscopy. It enables a taxonomic assignment of pollen that can be used to interpret flower-insect interactions, foraging and feeding behavior of insects, and the paleoenvironment. The protocol is limited by the state of the fossil, the presence/absence of pollen on fossil specimens, and the availability of extant pollen for comparison.
KW  - Microscopy
KW  - Plant sciences
KW  - Earth sciences
KW  - Evolutionary biology
Y1  - 2021
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/78182
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-781821
SN  - 2666-1667
VL  - 2.2021
IS  - 100923
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  -